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EVOLUTION of the THEORY OF EVOLUTION Father of taxonomy Born: May 23, 1707 1774: series of mild strokes died in 1778 Linnaean Society of London: Sir James Edward Smith MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS Published: Species Plantarum(1753) Start of Binomial system of naming organism Systema Naturae (1758) 1st used binomial system consistently THOMAS MALTHUS He believed that: Populations can grow geometrically Resources increase slowly or not at all Predictions guided Darwin formulation of the Theory of Natural Selection Jean Baptiste de Lamarck Born: August 1, 1744 Died: Dec 28, 1829 Jesuit seminary at Amiens 1756 French Army in Germany 1761 Left the army and studied Medicine and botany MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS Published: Important: Proposed Flore Fracaise in 1778 modern species had descended from other species: Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics Histoire Naturelle des Theory Use and Disuse Animaux sansof vertebres Physiological needs drive Lamarckan Evolution 1815, 1822 Coined the term INVERTEBRATES VIEWS on EVOLUTION Evolution: process of increasing complexity and perfection NO Extinction, disappeared species just evolved into different species Georges Cuvier Born: Aug 23, 1769 Worked as a: Tutor, professor of animal history, inspector general of public education and state councilor Founded vertebrate paleontology Established: extinction of life forms past VIEWS on EVOLUTION Saw organisms as integrated wholes No part can be modified without impairing functional integration Do not believe organic evolution Mummified cats and ibises from Egypt MAJOR CONTRIBUTION Historythat of living organisms Believed the Earth was immensely old Recorded in layers of rocks containing fossils Catastrophes caused that each one wiped out a number Classified organisms as embranchments of species Similarities were due to common function not common Revolutions: ancestry events with natural causes CATASTROPHISM: Through periodic revolutions or catastrophes James Hutton Born in 1726 Edinburgh Founder of Modern Geology MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS Earth is perpetually being formed THEORY OF GRADUALISM Perceived sedimentation takes place slowly thatEarth: even the oldest Great agesoof the 1st rocks are made up of “materials that furnished from the ruins of former continents” revolutionary concept from the Great newgeological sciencecycle of geology CHARLES LYELL Scottish lawyer turned geologist Published: Principles of Geology Believed Hutton’s theory of GRADUALISM MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS Published: Principles of Geology UNIFORMITARIANISM natural incorporated withatHutton’s agents now work ontheory and within the Earth Slow subtle processes could cause substantial have operated with general uniformity through change over timelong periods of time immensely Austrian Biologist Discovered basic principles on heredity by breeding garden Father ofpeas Classical Genetics LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT LAW OF SEGREGATION CHARLES DARWIN Born in England on February 2, 1809 Fascinated with nature as a boy Studied theology in Cambridge Voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle Observed varied adaptations (Galapagos islands) Darwin’s finches: 14 species MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS Read the essay of Malthus Published: Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859) Believed that: Species evolved from ancestral species Natural selection as the mechanism of evolution Survival of the fittest ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE Born in England on 1823 English naturalist Henry Walter Bates: introduced Beetle collection Went to the Amazon in 1848-1852 Studied Malayan Archipelago in 1854 Collected 125 660 species for 8 years of stay MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS 1858- wrote Darwin a letter Because he realized how species evolved changed because fittest individuals survived and reproduced passing their advantageous characters Both ideas were presented to the Linnaean Society 1848 Born in Netherlands 1880 experiments with plants Rediscovered Mendel’s works HUGO de Vries Believed that: Species evolve from other species through sudden large changes of character traits MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS Worked with Oenothera lamarkiana (evening primrose) Theory of Mutation New species could arise in single jumps Today: nothing to do with genetic mutations Variants isolated from these plants were caused by aberrant chromosomal segregations and no to mutations CARL CORRENS 1864 Born in Munich 1885 entered University of Munich (botany) Had redefined Mendel’s discovery “laws of heredity” 1900 published: G. Mendel’s Law Concerning the Behavior of the Progeny of Racial hybrids CARL CORRENS Works were destroyed when Berlin was bombed in 1945 ERICH VON TSCHERMAK- SEYSENEGG 1871 Vienna Austria 1898 started doing experiments in plant breeding using peas 1900 independently derived Mendel’s laws of inheritance Improved crops using laws of heredity High yielding crops of: wheat, barley and oats WHO IS SHE??? JAMES WATSON and FRANCIS CRICK Discovered DNA: double helix structure