Download theory of evolution

EVOLUTION of the THEORY OF EVOLUTION
 Father of taxonomy
 Born: May 23, 1707
 1774: series of mild strokes
 died in 1778
 Linnaean Society of London:
Sir James Edward Smith
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS
 Published:
 Species
Plantarum(1753)
 Start of Binomial system
of naming organism
 Systema Naturae (1758)
 1st used binomial system
consistently
THOMAS MALTHUS
 He believed that:
 Populations can grow
geometrically
 Resources increase slowly
or not at all
 Predictions guided Darwin
 formulation of the Theory
of Natural Selection
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
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


Born: August 1, 1744
Died: Dec 28, 1829
Jesuit seminary at Amiens 1756
French Army in Germany 1761
Left the army and studied Medicine and botany
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS
 Published:
 Important: Proposed
 Flore Fracaise in 1778
 modern species had descended from other species:
 Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
 Histoire Naturelle des
 Theory
Use and Disuse
Animaux
sansof
vertebres
 Physiological
needs drive Lamarckan Evolution
1815,
1822
 Coined the term
INVERTEBRATES
VIEWS on EVOLUTION
 Evolution:
 process of increasing complexity and perfection
 NO Extinction, disappeared species just evolved into
different species
Georges Cuvier
 Born: Aug 23, 1769
 Worked as a:
 Tutor, professor of animal
history, inspector general of
public education and state
councilor
 Founded vertebrate paleontology
 Established: extinction of
life forms
past
VIEWS on EVOLUTION
 Saw organisms as integrated wholes
 No part can be modified without impairing functional
integration
 Do not believe organic evolution
 Mummified cats and ibises from Egypt
MAJOR CONTRIBUTION
 Historythat
of living
organisms
 Believed
the Earth
was immensely old
 Recorded in layers of rocks containing fossils
 Catastrophes caused that each one wiped out a number
 Classified organisms as embranchments
of species
 Similarities were due to common function not common
 Revolutions:
ancestry events with natural causes
 CATASTROPHISM:
 Through periodic revolutions or catastrophes
James Hutton
 Born in 1726 Edinburgh
 Founder of Modern
Geology
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS
 Earth is perpetually being formed
 THEORY OF GRADUALISM
 Perceived sedimentation
 takes place
slowly
thatEarth:
even the oldest
 Great
agesoof
the
1st rocks are made
up of “materials that furnished from the ruins of former
continents”
revolutionary concept from the
 Great
newgeological
sciencecycle
of geology
CHARLES LYELL
 Scottish lawyer turned geologist
 Published: Principles of Geology
 Believed Hutton’s theory of GRADUALISM
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS
 Published:
 Principles of Geology
 UNIFORMITARIANISM
natural
incorporated
withatHutton’s
agents now
work ontheory
and within the Earth
 Slow
subtle processes
could
cause substantial
have
operated
with general
uniformity
through
change
over timelong periods of time
immensely
Austrian Biologist
 Discovered
basic principles on heredity by breeding
 garden
Father ofpeas
Classical Genetics
 LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
 LAW OF SEGREGATION
CHARLES DARWIN
 Born in England on February 2, 1809
 Fascinated with nature as a boy
 Studied theology in Cambridge
 Voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle
 Observed varied adaptations
(Galapagos islands)
 Darwin’s finches: 14 species
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS
 Read the essay of Malthus
 Published: Origin of Species by Means of Natural
Selection (1859)
 Believed that:
 Species evolved from ancestral species
 Natural selection as the mechanism of evolution
 Survival of the fittest
ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE
 Born in England on 1823
 English naturalist
 Henry Walter Bates:
introduced Beetle collection
 Went to the Amazon in
1848-1852
 Studied Malayan
Archipelago in 1854
 Collected 125 660 species
for 8 years of stay
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS
 1858- wrote Darwin a letter
 Because he realized how species evolved
 changed because
 fittest individuals survived and reproduced
 passing their advantageous characters
 Both ideas were presented to the Linnaean Society
 1848 Born in Netherlands
 1880 experiments with plants

Rediscovered Mendel’s works
HUGO de Vries
 Believed that:
 Species evolve from other species through sudden large
changes of character traits
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS
 Worked with
 Oenothera lamarkiana (evening primrose)
 Theory of Mutation
 New species could arise in single jumps
 Today: nothing to do with genetic mutations
 Variants isolated from these plants were caused by
aberrant chromosomal segregations and no to mutations
CARL CORRENS
 1864 Born in Munich
 1885 entered University of Munich (botany)
 Had redefined Mendel’s discovery “laws of heredity”
 1900 published: G. Mendel’s Law
 Concerning the Behavior of the Progeny of Racial
hybrids
CARL CORRENS
Works were destroyed when Berlin was bombed in 1945
ERICH VON TSCHERMAK- SEYSENEGG
 1871 Vienna Austria
 1898 started doing experiments in plant breeding using
peas
 1900 independently derived Mendel’s laws of inheritance
 Improved crops using laws of heredity
 High yielding crops of: wheat, barley and oats
WHO IS
SHE???
JAMES WATSON and FRANCIS CRICK

Discovered DNA:
double helix structure