Download Luggage security system - Kaushik Science Projects

index
S.NO.
CONTENT
1.
Introduction
2.
Circuit diagram
3.
Part list
4.
Circuit description
5.
Components used
6.
IC 3561
8.
Transistor
9.
Capaciters
10.
Battery
11.
Speaker
12
13
PCB
references
PAGENO.
Luggage security system:
While travelling by a train or bus, we generally lock our
luggage using a chain and lock arrangement but still we are
under tension apprehending that somebody may cut the
chain and steal our luggage. Here is a simple circuit to
alarm you when somebody tries to cut the chain.
Circuit diagram:
Parts List:
Resistor:
R1 ----------------------- 10 K
R2 ----------------------- 560 ohm
R3 ----------------------- 220 K
Transistor:
T1 ------------------------ BC558
T2 ------------------------ BC548
T3 ------------------------ BC548
Integrated circuit:
IC ------------------------- UM3561
Speaker ---------------- 8 ohm, 250mW
Battry ------------------- 3V
Circuit description:
Transistor T1 enables supply to the sound generator chip when the
base current starts flowing through it. When the wire (thin
enameled copper wire of 30 to 40 SWG, used for winding
transformers) loop around the chain is broken by somebody the
base of transistor T1 which was earlier tied to positive transistor t1
gets forward biased to extend the positive supply to the alarm
circuit . in the idle mode the power consumption of the circuit is
minimum and thus it can be used for hundreds of travel hours.
To enable generation of different alarm sounds connections to pin
1 and 6 may be made as per the table.
Select 1
X
Vdd
siren
select 2
X
X
sound effect
police siren
fire enegine
X
ambulance
Vdd
machine gun
siren
sound
Note:X=no connection; = do not care
Components:
UM3561
Features
••• Four sounds can be selected • Power on reset.
• Typical 3V operating voltage • A magnetic speaker can be
driven by connecting
• 8-pin DIP package form an NPN transistor
General Description
UM3561 is a low-cost, low-power CMOS LSI designed for use in
alarm and toy applications. Since the
integrated circuit includes oscillator and selector circuits, a
compact sound module can be constructed
with only a few additional components. The M3561 contains a
programmed mask ROM to simulate siren sound.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
DC Supply Voltage .......................................... -0.3V to +5.0V
Input Voltage Range ...................................... Vss-0.3V to
Vdd+0.3V
Operating Ambient Temperature .................... -10°C to +60°C
Storage Temperature ...................................... -55°C to +125°C
Resistors :
Example:
Circuit symbol:
Function
Resistors restrict the flow of electric current, for
example a resistor is placed in series with a lightemitting diode (LED) to limit the current passing through
the LED.
Connecting and soldering
Resistors may be connected either way round. They are not
damaged by heat when soldering.
The Resistor
Colour Code
Colour Number
Resistor values - the resistor colour code
Resistance is measured in ohms, the
symbol for ohm is an omega .
1 is quite small so resistor values are
often given in k and M .
1 k = 1000 1 M = 1000000 .
Black
0
Brown
1
Red
2
Orange
3
Yellow
4
Resistor values are normally shown using Green
5
coloured bands.
Blue
6
Each colour represents a number as shown
Violet
7
in the table.
Grey
8
Most resistors have 4 bands:
White
9
 The first band gives the first digit.
 The second band gives the second digit.
 The third band indicates the number of zeros.
 The fourth band is used to shows the tolerance
(precision) of the resistor, this may be ignored for
almost all circuits but further details are given below.
This resistor has red (2), violet (7), yellow (4 zeros) and gold
bands.
So its value is 270000 = 270 k .
On circuit diagrams the is usually omitted and the value is
written 270K.
Small value resistors (less than 10 ohm)
The standard colour code cannot show values of less than
10 . To show these small values two special colours are
used for the third band: gold which means × 0.1 and silver
which means × 0.01. The first and second bands represent
the digits as normal.
TRANSISTOR
The name is transistor derived from ‘transfer resistors’
indicating a solid state Semiconductor device. In addition to
conductor and insulators, there is a third class of material that
exhibits proportion of both. Under some conditions, it acts as an
insulator, and under other conditions it’s a conductor. This
phenomenon is called Semi-conducting and allows a variable
control over electron flow. So, the transistor is semi conductor
device used in electronics for amplitude. Transistor has three
terminals, one is the collector, one is the base and other is the
emitter, (each lead must be connected in the circuit correctly and
only then the transistor will function). Electrons are emitted via
one terminal and collected on another terminal, while the third
terminal acts as a control element. Each transistor has a number
marked on its body. Every number has its own specifications.
There are mainly two types of transistor (i) NPN & (ii) PNP
NPN Transistors:
When a positive voltage is applied to the base, the transistor begins
to conduct by allowing current to flow through the collector to
emitter circuit. The relatively small current flowing through the
base circuit causes a much greater current to pass through the
emitter / collector circuit. The phenomenon is called current gain
and it is measure in beta.
PNP Transistor:
It also does exactly same thing as above except that it has a
negative voltage on its collector and a positive voltage on its
emitter.
Transistor is a combination of semi-conductor elements allowing a
controlled current flow. Germanium and Silicon is the two semiconductor elements used for making it. There are two types of
transistors such as POINT CONTACT and JUNCTION
TRANSISTORS. Point contact construction is defective so is now
out of use. Junction triode transistors are in many respects
analogous to triode electron tube.
A junction transistor can function as an amplifier or oscillator
as can a triode tube, but has the additional advantage of long life,
small size, ruggedness and absence of cathode heating power.
3volt battery:
This long-running 3 volt lithium battery has
tested as strong as brand name batteries that
cost 3 times as much. These are great for our
stun guns or compact police flashlights that
require CR123A power sources. The only 3 volt
cells that are stronger are the "E Cells" which
cost about 5 times as much but do not last 5
times as long, so the best buy for your money is
a couple sets of our 3 volt lithium batteries.
Available to power all your needs.
Battery brand may vary.
Features:
 Voltage: 3.00 V
 Dia.: 0.6690 in






Height: 1.358 in
Batt. Cap.: 1.400 A-h
Applications: Photographic
Type: Non-Rechargeable Dry Cell
Quantity: 1
Weight: 0.60 oz
Speaker:
SPEAKER, 8OHM, 66MM; Transducer Function:Speaker;
Power Rating RMS:2W; Impedance:8ohm; Resonant
Frequency:255Hz; Frequency Response Min:255Hz;
Frequency Response Max:15kHz; External Diameter:61mm;
External Depth:26mm; External Diameter:61mm; Fixing Hole
Diameter:4mm; Sound Level Distance:1m; Sound Level
SPL:88dB; Weight:133g
PCb designing &fabrication
1. INTRODUCTION:
A printed circuit board, or PCB, is used to mechanically support
and
electrically
components using conductive pathways,
traces etched from copper
connect electronic
tracks
sheets laminated onto
or
a
signal
non-
conductive substrate. It is also referred to as printed wiring
board (PWB) or etched wiring board. Printed circuit boards are
used in virtually all but the simplest commercially produced
electronic devices.
A PCB populated with electronic components is called a printed
circuit assembly (PCA), printed circuit board assembly or PCB
Assembly (PCBA). In informal use the term "PCB" is used both
for bare and assembled boards, the context clarifying the
meaning.
Alternatives to PCBs include wire wrap and point-to-point
construction. PCBs must initially be designed and laid out, but
become cheaper, faster to make, and potentially more reliable
for high-volume production since production and soldering of
PCBs can be automated. Much of the electronics industry's PCB
design, assembly, and quality control needs are set by standards
published by the IPC organization.
PCBs are inexpensive, and can be highly reliable. They require
much more layout effort and higher initial cost than either
wire-wrapped or point-to-point constructed circuits, but are
much cheaper and faster for high-volume production. Much of
the electronics industry's PCB design, assembly, and quality
control needs are set by standards that are published by the
IPC organization.
Printed Circuit Boards are primarily an insulating material used
as base, into which conductive strips are printed. The base
material is generally fiberglass, and the conductive connections
are e generally copper and are made through an etching process.
The main PCB board is called the motherboard; the smaller
attachment PCB boards are called daughter boards or daughter
cards
What is PCB Board Design?
PCB board design defines the electrical pathways between
components. It is derived from a schematic representation of
the circuit. When it is derived, or imported from a schematic
design, it translates the schematic symbols and libraries into
physical components and connections
Units: PCB Boards are primarily designed in imperial units
(inches) as opposed to metric units (mm). A thousands of an
inch is called mil (not to be confused with mm), where: 100
mils = 0.1 inch = 2.54 mm. The reason for using imperial
units in a PCB document is because most of the components
were manufactured according to imperial pin spacing. The
practice continues even today
Why this particular circuit:
 A very low cost circuit.
 The circuit uses low cost components which are easily
available in market.
 Working to easy to understand.
 The circuit is very simple and no alighment is required.
 The circuit operates on 9 volt DC.
 This circuit is simplified by using FND counter as display, this
reduces complexity of the circuit and cost as well.
Tool and equipments required:
The used tools and equipments requipments for making project are
as follows:
 Soldering iron
 Desoldering pump
 Drill machine
 Multi meter
 File
 Tweezer
 Screw driver
 Flux
 Desoldering wick
 Brush
 Petrol
 Soldering wire
 PCB kit
References:
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.electronicsclub.com