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Transcript
BIOL 1013 - BIOLOGY OF THE CELL: PRACTICE EXAM II
1.
Proteins are polymers made of units known as ___________________________ joined together by peptide bonds.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
amino acids
nucleic acids
phosphoric acids
monosaccharides
Choices C and D are both correct.
2.
In a polypeptide chain, R groups that possess a net negative charge tend to belong to the _________________ family
of amino acids (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid).
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
nonpolar
polar
basic
acidic
uncharged polar
3.
The specific sequence of amino acids that make up a polypeptide chain from the N-terminus to the C-terminus end
(e.g., Met-Asp-Leu-Tyr-Ser-Cys-Cys-Tyr) is referred to the ____________________ structure of the protein.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
primary
secondary
tertiary
quanternary
sequential
4.
Of all the 20 naturally-occurring amino acids, which one is likely to possess an atom of sulfur as part of the side chain
or R group?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
alanine
glutamic acid
glycine
cysteine
lysine
5.
The  sheet structure can be illustrated as arrows in a ribbon drawing of a protein. By convention, the arrow points
toward the C-terminus of the polypeptide chain. In the following figure, which one, upper (A) or lower (B), illustrates
a parallel  sheet?
The illustration below is meant for question #5.
The upper half of the drawing, (A), illustrates the parallel  sheet.
The lower half of the drawing, (B), illustrates the parallel  sheet.
Both drawings, (A) & (B), illustrate the parallel  sheet.
Neither drawing, (A) or (B), illustrate the parallel  sheet, but rather
the antiparallel  sheet.
E. Neither drawing, (A) or (B), illustrate the parallel  sheet, but rather
the  helix.
A.
B.
C.
D.
6.
Can a single polypeptide chain or protein possess both  helix and  sheet folding patterns at the same time?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Yes
No
Yes, but only if a prosthetic groups are present to stabilize the entire structure.
Yes, but only if disulfide bonds are present to stabilize the entire structure.
Yes, but only if you are willing accept a universe where , ,, , , , , , , and  structures are also possible.
7.
Two polypeptide chains bound together to form a functional protein would be a ________________________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
monomer
dimer
trimer
tetramer
pentamer
8.
Changes in conformation can allow a motor protein to move or “walk” along a filament or thread. The input of energy
through cleavage of a high energy ________________ bond from ______________allows for non-random motion of a
motor protein. The input of energy is necessary if the protein is to move in one direction only instead of meandering
back and forth at random. This results in directed movements in the cell.
The illustration below is meant for Question #8.
A. phosphate; ATP or GTP (adenosine triphosphate or guanosine
triphosphate )
B. phosphate; AMP or GMP (adenosine monophosphate or guanosine
monophosphate)
C. phosphate; GDP (guanosine diphosphate)
D. nitrate; GDN (guanosine dinitrate)
E. Both choices B and D are the best choices.
9.
When Fred Griffith injected mice with a mixture of dead, pathogenic, encapsulated S (smooth) cells and living
unencapsulated R (rough) cells of Streptococcus pneummoniae, he discovered that ___________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
that the previously harmless strain had inherited the ability to produce capsules
a cure for pneumonia
the mice did not get sick from the pathogen
the enzyme called lysozyme
10.
Rosalind Franklin’s used which technique to determine many of the physical characteristics of DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
light microscopy
DNA sequencing
chromatography
x-ray diffraction
11.
In the pairing of nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule, __________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
adenine is paired with cytosine
adenine is paired with guanine
cytosine is paired with thymine
guanine is paired with cytosine
thymine is paired with uracil
12.
The Watson-Crick model of DNA structure suggested that the basis for the faithful copying of the genetic material is
complementarity. This means that, if you know that the base sequence of one strand is 3' AATTCG 5', the sequence
of the other strand must be ____________________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
5' AATTCG 3'
5' TTGGAC 3'
5' TTAAGC 3'
5' TTAACG 3'
Do not have enough information to determine a viable response.
13.
RNA differs from DNA in that it ____________________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
contains the 5-carbon sugar called ribose instead of deoxyribose
is single-stranded
contains uracil instead of thymine
is involved directly in protein synthesis
all of the above are correct
14.
After three replications of a single DNA molecule, what percent of the resulting double helices contain one strand of
the “original” DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
0 percent
25 percent
50 percent
75 percent
15.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
New molecules of DNA and RNA are assembled directly from nucleotides by means of enzymes called
______________.
ligases
helicases
telomerases
polymerases
primases
16. At a replication fork, DNA helicase opens the double helix, while the DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides as it
helps synthesize two new complementary strands to the two pre-existing DNA templates. DNA synthesis occurs
_____________________ along the leading strands and __________________along the lagging strands.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
continuously; continuously
discontinuously; discontinuously
continuously; discontinuously
discontinuously: continuously
discontinuously; discontinuously
17.
Backstitching of DNA to combine Okazaki fragments into a continuous nucleotide strand that form during DNA
replication is accomplished by an enzyme known as DNA _____________________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
ligase
helicase
telomerase
polymerase
primase
The illustration below is meant for Questions #18
18. Damage to DNA that manifest itself in the
conversion of the nitrogenous base cytosine to
uracil of a particular nucleotide is called
________________ and results potentially, if not
corrected by DNA polymerase or mismatch
repair proteins, in a base _________________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
depurination; substitution
depurination; deletion
deamination; substitution
deamination; deletion
dimerization; obliteration
19.
The figure at the lower right is a diagrammatic representation of a molecule used in protein synthesis, also called
________________.
The illustration below is meant for Questions #19.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
DNA
messenger RNA or mRNA
transfer RNA or tRNA
ribosomal RNA or rRNA
a protein
20.
What is the maximum number of amino acids that a strand of mRNA can code for which contains thirty nucleotides?
(Assume no start or stop codons!)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1
3
10
30
21 (30 - 9)
21.
If the anticodon on a tRNA molecule were CGA, the matching codon on mRNA would read ____________, which
would signal for the placement of ____________________ in the growing polypeptide chain.
A.
B.
C.
D.
CGA; arginine
GCU; alanine
GCA; alanine
UUU; phenylalanine
PARTIAL GENETIC CODE FOR QUESTION #21
ALANINE = GCA, GCC, GCG, GCU
ARGININE = AGA, AGG, CGA, CGC, CGG, CGU
METHIONINE = AUG
E.
AUG; methionine
PHENYLALANINE = UUC, UUU