Download Agriscience Applications

Agriscience Applications
Biotechnology
The Beginning…
 In your notebook write a definition
for biotechnology
The Beginning…
Life or living
Application of science to
an industrial or
commercial objective
According to Merriam-Webster…
Main Entry:
– bio·tech·nol·o·gy
Function:
– noun
Date:
– 1941
1: the manipulation (as through genetic
engineering) of living organisms or their
components to produce useful usually
commercial products (as pest resistant
crops, new bacterial strains, or novel
pharmaceuticals) ; also : any of various
applications of biological science used in
such manipulation
History
 Biotechnology has been around
since the beginning of time
– Yeast to make bread rise
– Bacteria to ferment sauerkraut
– Bacteria to produce cheese, yogurt
– Transform grain into alcohol
Biotechnology
 Silage
– Used for animal feed
– Green grasses and grains stored in
air tight containers
– Converts sugars and starches to acids
The Genetic Connection
 Genetics
– Biology of heredity
• Transmission of characteristics from an
organism to its offspring through genes
in reproductive cells
– Gregor Mendel
• Experimented with garden pea plants
The Genetic Connection
 Genes
– Components of cells that determine
individual characteristics of all living
things
– Comprised of DNA
• The “Blueprint” of cells and their
successive cells
The Genetic Connection
Animal Cell
The Genetic Connection
 Gene Mapping
– Matching a gene to a trait
• Determines what gene is responsible for
certain traits
Examples:
– Tendency of baldness
– Tendency of females to have twins
– Height of plants
Application of Biotechnology
 DNA Matching
– Identifying the parents of offspring
 Genetic engineering
– Early 1980’s
– Modifies the genetic make-up of
animals and plants
• Movement of genetic information (genes)
from one cell to another
Products of Genetic Engineering
 Insulin
• Treats diabetes
 Herbicide resistant crops
 BST (bovine somatotrapin)
• Increases milk production
 Lee-minus
• Bacteria that retards frost formation on
plants
 Convert waste to fuel
Objective
 Explore the structure of DNA as it
is related to examples of
agricultural plants and animals
DNA
 Found in all living
cells
 All DNA is similar
in structure and
function
– transmitter of
heredity
information
DNA
 Deoxyribonucleic acid
 Come in pairs of strands
– connected by bases
 Shape
– double helix
DNA in Genetics
 Gene Splicing
– Removing and inserting genes into
DNA
– Alters a given characteristic
 Examples:
– Alter a plants susceptibility to disease
– Make a plant resistant to insects
– Alter bacteria to increase meat
production
Gene Mapping
 The process of finding and
recording the location of genes
Recombinant DNA
 Improves animal and plant performance
by manipulation
– Alter microorganisms
– Control
• disease
• insects
• weeds
• pest
– Less use of chemicals more biological
control
• better for the environment
Concerns
 Federal and state governments
monitor use
 Extensive testing
– Laboratory to the greenhouse
– Final testing is occurs outdoors prior
to final approval
 Final approval only after all phases
are completed
Assignment
 Organize a discussion group with two
other people.
 Explore four benefits and concerns of
biotechnology
 Record your benefits and concerns in
your notes with an explanation
 Provide the best solution for your
concerns
 Be ready to share your work