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What is YOUR definition of ? Mental health defined: “.. a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.” - World Health Organization (2014) Common Mental Health Issues in Singapore Common Mental Health Issues in Singapore Chong, SA et al. (2012) Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Losing: Hope Happiness Sense of self-worth Sleep Interest in activities Appetite and/or weight Can You Handle These? Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Generalised Anxiety Disorder • Common in adolescents • Chronic or recurrent • Often accompanied by physical symptoms Generalised Anxiety Disorder – Physical Symptoms Eating Disorders *Prevalence of Eating Disorder (Aged 13 – 19) 2010 2011 2012 75 65 95 *Source: Singapore General Hospital • Extreme unhealthy eating pattern • 30% needed hospitalization • 30% picked up by schools • 4 types: Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binge-eating Disorder Orthorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders Common causes: Depression, body image, post traumatic experiences, emotional upheaval, OCD Common symptoms: Anorexia Nervosa • Distorted body image • Partial or total abstinence from food • Sometimes purging through selfinduced vomiting and laxative abuse Bulimia Nervosa • Cycles of binging and purging Binge Eating Disorder • Uncontrolled, impulsive and continuous eating to the point of being uncomfortably full • No purging • Usually triggered by an emotional event Orthorexia Nervosa • Obsessed with ‘healthy/clean’ eating • Extreme exercise routines • Typically seek to attain pure, clean and healthy bodies Protective and Risk Factors Protective and Risk Factors for Mental Health Protective factors: reduce the likelihood that a disorder will develop • Reduce exposure to risk (parenting behavior monitor behavior or whereabouts) • Reducing effect of risk factors (parenting behavior caring and supportive, access to social support) Risk factors: increase the likelihood and burden of disorder • Genetic, biological, behavioral, environmental demographic psychological, sociocultural, economic, Brainstorming Time! In groups, discuss and write down at least three protective/risk factors for each of the following category: Protective Factors Individual factors Family/Social factors School context Life events and situation Community and cultural factors e.g. Easy temperament Family harmony School norms against violence Economic security Access to support services Individual factors Family/Social factors School context Life events and situation Community and cultural factors e.g. Poor health Low parental involvement Bullying School transitions Lack of support services Risk Factors Brainstorming Time! In groups, discuss and write down at least three protective/risk factors for each of the following category: Individual factors Family/Social factors School context Life events and situation Community and cultural factors Protective Factors Risk Factors Protective Factors Risk Factors Is He/She Okay? The Warning Signs of Distress • • • Strong immunity energy level Adequate nutrients – mood Weight management • • • Endorphin and serotonin – feel good chemicals for mood Confidence Sleep Ways to Feel Good! • • • Less likely to develop mental disorders Maintain a regular sleep-and-wake schedule Keep room free of distractions Helps to: • Relax when stressed • Remain calm when angry Let us practice! Activity Time! No idea how awesome you are? Let’s see! 1. Write your name on the top left hand corner 2. Exchange your paper with 3 friends – Write down 2 strengths that best describes / like best about the person (e.g. You have a warm personality / are always so helpful) on their paper 3. Have a look at what others wrote, to identify: • Your strengths/traits that you are aware of? • The ones that you did not know – are you surprised? Remember this: You have a network of family and friends who loves you! YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JjZYLl1Ils