Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
From earlier this chapter How had army recruitment changed by the end of the Roman Republic (pg 152) What weaknesses did the Roman Republic have (pg 156) What leaders formed the 1st Triumvirate? What leaders formed the 2nd Triumvirate? Volunteers came from society’s poor and they received land for military service The Roman Empire had gotten too big to govern, there was a big gap between rich and poor, and there was much unemployment. 1st – Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar 2nd – Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus Chapter 5-3 Culture and Society in the Roman World Roman Art and Architecture Greek style influenced Roman art Roman art focused more on realistic detail rather than an ideal (Greek) Used arch, vault and dome in architecture Concrete allowed for more impressive structures Built bridges Roads (50,000 miles) Aqueducts (supplied water to over 1 million) The Romans: Master Road Builders of the Ancient World Romans built 50,000 miles of paved roads Appian Way connected all of Italy (N to S) Many Roman roads are still in use today Enabled trade & commerce to move efficiently; created wealth & unified Empire Allowed efficient movement of armies to defend the empire Roman Literature Age of Augustus was the gold age of Roman Literature Virgil: wrote Aeneid Horace: Wrote Satires Promotes Roman ideals of duty, piety, and faithfulness to the empire Attacks greed of people Livy: wrote History of Rome 142 volumes, only 35 have survived Good storyteller but not an accurate historian The Roman Family Family Structure Paterfamilias: Dominant male leader of the family Wife, children, slaves Children raised at home Taught by Greek slaves Education for upper class boys and girls At age 16 boys gave up purple-edged toga for plain white toga (manhood) Could marry at 14 but most were older Girls married at an early age (12-14) The Roman Family Women: Male guardians in public Arranged marriages Marriage was for life Custom of divorce appeared 3rd century B.C. Men and women The Roman Family Changes in the family By 2nd century A.D. Father couldn’t sell his children into slavery Couldn’t have them put to death Women no longer needed guardians Right to own property Important role in the home Attend events outside of the home (races, theater, etc.) Had to sit in separate sections Couldn’t vote but could influence their husbands Slavery Romans relied on slave labor Tutors, musicians, doctors, and artists (Greeks) Cooks, valets, waiters, gardeners Construction, farmers, Poor living & working conditions Slave Revolts Spartacus 73 B.C. (70,000 slaves) Pepsi Defeated Roman armies before being executed Followers were crucified The City of Rome Living Conditions Crowded, noisy, and dirty High crime rates Huge gap between wealthy and poor Wealthy lived in villas Poor lived in insulae (apartments) Poorly built, prone to collapse Threat of fires could destroy sections of the city quickly Entire families lived in one room Articles of Roman Life Roman Food-- poor ate bread, beans, lentils, fish; rich ate songbirds seasoned with spices; sweet wine & water with meals Ate in prone position on right side; ate with fingers Is Last Supper Painting Accurate? Rich enjoyed multi-course banquets; used vomitoriums to regurgitate and eat more (up to 5X per sitting) The City of Rome Public Programs Grand architecture and public buildings Temples, markets baths, theaters, government buildings, amphitheaters Social Problems Vast poverty forced the government to provide food 200,000 of 1 million received free grain Free entertainment was provided Gave the poor an escape from poor living conditions Public Programs Amphitheater-- gladiator bouts; executions, mock battles, wild animals, religious rituals, blood sports--Coliseum was most famous structure. Hippodrome--chariot races, horse races Theater--plays, modeled after Greek drama Chariot Racing at The Circus Maximus