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Transcript
Atomic Structure 1. Essential Questions a. EQ #10: How do the subatomic particles of an atom compare to one another? b. EQ #11: How do the subatomic particles of an atom affect its properties? 2. Subatomic Particles a. There are 3 types of SUBATOMIC PARTICLES that affect the properties of an atom. b. The subatomic particles are: i. ii. iii. 3. A Comparison of Subatomic Particles PARTICLE Proton MASS About the same as a neutron Neutron MUCH less than protons/neutrons CHARGE LOCATION 0 (neutral/no charge) (negative) Nucleus 4. Charge a. The overall (net) charge of the nucleus is positive. i. The overall (net) charge of the nucleus is equal to the number of protons. b. There is an attractive force between protons and electrons. i. Opposites attract and like charges repel one another. c. Atoms have a Neutral Charge because the number of protons (+) is equal to the number of electrons (-). 5. Particle Locations a. The Electron Cloud is a space outside the nucleus where electrons move ______________________ in areas of space called ________________________ b. Energy Levels are regions of space at increasing distances from the nucleus. i. Electrons with ________________ energy occupy energy levels further from the nucleus. ii. There is a maximum number of electrons that can occupy each energy level. iii. The number _______________________ the further the energy level is from the nucleus. 6. Atom Identity a. The identity of an element is determined by the number of ________________________. b. For example: i. any atom with 6 protons in its nucleus is a carbon atom ii. any atom with 2 protons in its nucleus is a helium atom c. The number of ________________________ in an element may vary. d. An atom can gain or lose ______________________, but is still the same element. 7. Atomic Mass a. The mass of an atom is determined by the protons and neutrons in the nucleus i. Because the electrons are so EXTREMELY small they are not counted in the mass. 8. Atomic Reactivity a. The particles in the nucleus do NOT change in a chemical reaction. b. Chemical reactions happen in the ____________________________. c. How the atom will react chemically is determined by: i. The number of electrons in the outer energy level ii. The distance of these electrons from the nucleus 9. Atom Volume and Electrons a. The volume of the electron cloud determines the volume of the atom. b. The diagram of an atom shown here is incorrect. i. Electrons do not orbit the nucleus in orderly paths. ii. They orbit more like bees around a beehive. c. Also – if the period at the end of this sentence represented the nucleus of an atom, then the first electrons would be located at a distance equal to the length of a football field.