Download Sample question set 1 biology

Sample Set 1
ROUND 1
TOSS-UP 1)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the most common term used in genetics to describe the observable physical
characteristics of an organism caused by the expression of a gene or set of genes?
ANSWER: PHENOTYPE
BONUS 1)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the biological term most often used for the act of a cell engulfing a particle by
extending its pseudopodia (read as: SU-doe-POH-dee-ah) around the particle?
ANSWER: PHAGOCYTOSIS
TOSS-UP 8)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Human epidermis is mostly composed of which of the following basic animal tissues types:
W) epithelial
X) connective
Y) nervous
Z) muscle
ANSWER: W) EPITHELIAL
BONUS 8)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What are the 2 basic categories of lymphocyte cells?
ANSWER: T AND B (ACCEPT: B AND T CELLS)
TOSS-UP 15)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
How many embryonic seed leaves does a bean seedling have?
ANSWER: 2
BONUS 15)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 5 plants that are dicots: wheat; geranium; garlic; bamboo; rose
ANSWER: GERANIUM; ROSE
TOSS-UP 22)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
If a plant had a taproot, it would also most likely have:
W) parallel leaf venation
X) two cotyledons in its seedling stage
Y) diffusely arranged vascular bundles in its stem
Z) no stomata on the upper surfaces of its leaves
ANSWER: X) TWO COTYLEDONS IN ITS SEEDLING STAGE
BONUS 22)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Using the traditional system of classification, when organisms belong to the same class,
name all of the following 4 taxonomic categories to which they must also belong: order;
family; phylum; kingdom
ANSWER: PHYLUM; KINGDOM
TOSS-UP
25) BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the genus name of the most thoroughly studied bacterium?
ANSWER: Escherichia
BONUS 25)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 3 processes that do NOT occur in E. coli: glycolysis;
photosynthesis; glycogenolysis (read as: GLYKO-jen-oh-LY-sis)
ANSWER: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Round 2
TOSS-UP 2)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the MOST common anatomical synonym for ventral, when locating a part of the
human body in relation to another part?
ANSWER: ANTERIOR
BONUS 2)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What are the names for the pyrimidine bases found in DNA?
ANSWER: CYTOSINE; THYMINe
TOSS-UP 9)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
From what chamber of the human heart does blood carried by the left pulmonary artery
leave?
ANSWER: RIGHT VENTRICLE
BONUS 9)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What human gland or organ produces tri-iodothyronine (read as: TRY- I-OH-doh-THYrow-neen)?
ANSWER: THYROID
Toss-Up 16)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Yersinia, Drosophila and Homo are all what taxonomical category?
ANSWER: GENUS (ACCEPT: GENERA)
BONUS 16)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
From what monosaccharide is cellulose primarily composed?
ANSWER: GLUCOSE (ACCEPT: Β-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL or D-GLUCOSE)
TOSS-UP 25)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
The sinoatrial (read as: sine-oh-AYE-tree-al) node is located in what human organ?
ANSWER: HEART
BONUS 25)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
In what chamber of the human heart is the sinoatrial (read as: sineoh-AYE-tree-al) node
located?
ANSWER: RIGHT ATRIUM
Round 3
TOSS-UP 3)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following BEST describes the function of the golgi (read as: GOAL-gee)
complex: W) metabolism of carbohydrates
X) production of peroxides
Y) modification and packaging of proteins for exocytosis
Z) storage of lipids
ANSWER: Y) MODIFICATION AND PACKAGING OF PROTEINS FOR
EXOCYTOSIS
BONUS 3)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Most corticosteroids are synthesized in what specific part of the human body?
ANSWER: ADRENAL CORTEX (ACCEPT: ADRENAL GLANDS)
TOSS-UP 10)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the MOST common term for the division of a somatic cell into 2 nucleated cells
following of mitosis?
ANSWER: CYTOKINESIS
BONUS 10)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the anticodon on a tRNA for AAA (read as: A, A, A)?
ANSWER: UUU
TOSS-UP 17)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following would BEST describe the quaternary structure of collagen:
W) fibrous
X) globular
Y) planar
Z) transport
ANSWER: W) FIBROUS
BONUS 17)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following BEST describes what the term virulence means:
W) the specificity of a virus to cause disease in a certain host
X) the ability of a microbe to cause cellular damage
Y) any transmissible disease caused by a microbe
Z) the degree to which a microbe causes disease or harm to its host
ANSWER: Z) THE DEGREE TO WHICH A MICROBE CAUSES DISEASE OR HARM
TO ITS HOST
TOSS-UP 24)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the scientific term given to the shape of the E. coli bacterium?
ANSWER: BACILLUS (ACCEPT: ROD or BACILLI or BACILLIFORM)
BONUS 24)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 4 plants that produce seeds with a fleshy covering that are eaten
by animals and dispersed in their droppings: apple; orchid; cherry; sphagnum moss
ANSWER: APPLE; CHERRY
ROUND 4
TOSS-UP 1)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following is TRUE:
W) chimpanzees are an ancestor of Homo sapiens
X) bipedal motion dominated hominoid ancestors by about 30 million years ago
Y) humans and modern apes have a common ancestor
Z) Neanderthals were ancestors to modern humans
ANSWER: Y) HUMANS AND MODERN APES HAVE A COMMON ANCESTOR
BONUS 1)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Order the following 5 taxonomic group with the MOST members to the one with the
FEWEST members: genus; order; phylum; class; family
ANSWER: PHYLUM; CLASS; ORDER; FAMILY; GENUS
TOSS-UP
8) BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the common name for the product of human lachrymal (read as: LACK-reh-mal)
glands?
ANSWER: TEARS
BONUS 8)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 4 plants that have their seeds typically dispersed by wind:
dandelion; milkweed; maize; lupine
ANSWER: DANDELION; MILKWEED
TOSS-UP 15)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Eggs exit a chicken’s body through what specific structure:
W) rectal plexus
X) cloaca (read as: KLO-aye-ka)
Y) rostrum
Z) spiculum
ANSWER: X) CLOACA
BONUS 15)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
In which of the following areas of the human body is the zygomatic (read as: ZYE-goMAT-ick) arch found:
W) shoulder
X) pelvis
Y) head
Z) knee
ANSWER: Y) HEAD
TOSS-UP 22)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
From which of the following is the cell wall of plants mostly composed:
W) protein
X) lipid monolayer
Y) lipid bilayer
Z) polysaccharide
ANSWER: Z) POLYSACCHARIDE
BONUS 22)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the common biological name for the product of human sublingual glands?
ANSWER: SALIVA
TOSS-UP
25) BIOLOGY
Short Answer
What is the most common color for the calyx (read as: KAL-IX) of angiosperms?
ANSWER: GREEN
BONUS 25)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 4 diseases that are caused by viruses: measles; AIDS;
tuberculosis; leprosy
ANSWER: MEASLES; AIDS
Round 5
TOSS-UP 2) BIOLOGY
Short Answer
What is the most common term for the method Louis Pasteur used to create the first rabies
vaccine?
ANSWER: ATTENUATION
BONUS 2)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following BEST describes how Pasteur attenuated the rabies virus to create
an effective vaccine:
W) by heat-treating the purified virus
X) by treating the live virus with a weak solution of formaldehyde
Y) by passing the rabies infection through a successive series of rabbits
Z) by purifying the protein from the viral capsids
ANSWER: Y) BY PASSING THE RABIES INFECTION THROUGH A SUCCESSIVE
SERIES OF RABBITS
TOSS-UP 9)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following molecules do methanogens (read as: methAN-oh-gens) most often
use as their final electron acceptor in their generation of energy:
W) hydrogen
X) carbon dioxide
Y) methane
Z) oxygen
ANSWER: X) CARBON DIOXIDE
BONUS 9)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the general biological term for organisms that synthesize organic molecules from
inorganic molecules using light as an energy source?
ANSWER: PHOTOAUTOTROPHS (ACCEPT: PHOTOTROPHS)
TOSS-UP 16)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
By words or numbers, name all of the following 3 functions that meiosis accomplishes:
1) reducing the copies of alleles in the ovum and sperm
2) reducing the numbers of chromosomes in the ovum and sperm
3) increasing genetic diversity through chromosomal exchange events
ANSWER: ALL
BONUS 16)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Which one of the basic 3 plant cell types has irregularly thickened cell walls, retains its
cytoplasm, and functions in structural support?
ANSWER: COLLENCHYMA
TOSS-UP 23)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What are the common names for the 2 functional groups that combine to form a peptide
bond?
ANSWER: AMINO; CARBOXYL (ACCEPT: AMINE AND CARBOXYLIC ACID)
BONUS 23)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What 2 ions are most directly involved with the conduction of a nerve cell message down an
axon?
ANSWER: SODIUM AND POTASSIUM (ACCEPT: Na+ AND K+ )
Round 6
TOSS-UP 3)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
In what part of photosynthesis, named after its discoverers, is NADPH used to produce 3carbon sugar phosphate molecules?
ANSWER: CALVIN CYCLE (ACCEPT: CALVIN-BENSON CYCLE or CALVINBENSONBASSHAM CYCLE)
BONUS 3)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
For every carbon dioxide molecule fixed in the Calvin-Benson cycle, how many NADPH
molecules are utilized?
ANSWER: 2
TOSS-UP 10)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
In which of the following organ systems of the human body do chief cells primarily
function:
W) excretory
X) digestive
Y) nervous
Z) reproductive
ANSWER: X) DIGESTIVE
BONUS 10)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What section of the small intestine is the first to receive gastric contents?
ANSWER: DUODENUM
TOSS-UP 17)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What specific type of microscopy passes a beam of electrons through an ultra-thin
specimen that is usually stained with an electron opaque substance, producing an image
which can be captured by a charged coupled device?
ANSWER: TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (ACCEPT: TEM) (DO NOT
ACCEPT: SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OR SEM)
BONUS 17) BIOLOGY
Short Answer
Order the following 4 objects found in the human body from the SMALLEST to the
LARGEST: mitochondrion; ribosome; erythrocyte; average monocyte
ANSWER: RIBOSOME; MITOCHONDRION; ERYTHROCYTE; AVERAGE
MONOCYTE
TOSS-UP 24)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the term for the transfer of genes by viruses from one prokaryote
to another:
W) transduction
X) conjugation
Y) transformation
Z) relaxation
ANSWER: W) TRANSDUCTION
BONUS 24)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 3 transport systems that directly require energy to operate: active
transport; facilitated diffusion; sodium potassium pump
ANSWER: ACTIVE TRANSPORT; SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP (ACCEPT: ALL BUT
FACILITATED DIFFUSION)
ROUND 7
TOSS-UP 1)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
If one end of a single polypeptide chain has an amino group exposed, what functional
group is typically exposed at the opposite end?
ANSWER: CARBOXYL
BONUS 1)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the most common name of the protein that synthesizes DNA?
ANSWER: DNA POLYMERASE (ACCEPT: POLYMERASE)
TOSS-UP 8)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the main respiratory pigment of skeletal muscle cells?
ANSWER: MYOGLOBIN
BONUS 8)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Choosing from primary through quaternary, what level of protein structure is conferred
by a beta pleated sheet?
ANSWER: SECONDARY
TOSS-UP 15)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What specific biological process is believed to have produced most of the diatomic oxygen
in the Earth’s atmosphere?
ANSWER: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
BONUS 15)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
In photosynthesis II (read as: two), what is light energy most notably used to initially
accomplish?
ANSWER: SPLITTING OF WATER
TOSS-UP 22)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
In what specific part of the testes does spermatogenesis occur in mammals?
ANSWER: SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
BONUS 22)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What human gland, which is mostly lymphoid tissue, is critical to the normal development
of cell mediated immunity and, if removed after young adulthood, seems to have no ill
effects on the immune system?
ANSWER: THYMUS
TOSS-UP 25)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the most common name for the micro-gametophyte in flowering plants?
ANSWER: POLLEN (ACCEPT: POLLEN GRAINS)
BONUS 25)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Sieve cells and sieve tube members are types of what specific conductive plant cell type?
ANSWER: PHLOEM
Round 8
TOSS-UP 2)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the highest level of structural organization in myoglobin:
W) primary
X) secondary
Y) tertiary
Z) quaternary
ANSWER: Y) TERTIARY
BONUS 2)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 4 choices that are characteristic of E. coli: gram negative; an
enteric organism; non-motile; bacillus
ANSWER: GRAM NEGATIVE; AN ENTERIC ORGANISM; BACILLUS (ACCEPT:
ALL BUT NON-MOTILE)
TOSS-UP 9)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What specific class of antibodies is most commonly responsible for degranulation of
basophils or mast cells?
ANSWER: IgE (ACCEPT: IMMUNOLGLOBULIN E)
BONUS 9)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a group of about 20 proteins that aid in the attraction and
phagocytosis of microorganisms by macrophages:
W) alpha interferons
X) complement system
Y) TNF
Z) hemopoietins
ANSWER: X) COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
TOSS-UP 16)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
In angiosperm seed development, what fuses with the second sperm nucleus to form the
endosperm?
ANSWER: 2 POLAR NUCLEI (ACCEPT: 2 OR BOTH POLAR NUCLEI or POLAR
NUCLEI) (DO NOT ACCEPT: POLAR NUCLEUS)
BONUS 16)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
In what specific part of a eukaryotic cell will pyruvate be converted into acetyl Co-enzyme
A?
ANSWER: MITOCHONDRION (ACCEPT: MITOCHONDRIA)
TOSS-UP 23)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
How many human ova are produced by a full round of meiosis from a single primary
oocyte?
ANSWER: 1 (Solution: mammals produce 1 ovum and 3 polar bodies per primary oocyte)
BONUS 23)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 4 animals for which L-ascorbate is an essential nutrient: humans;
dogs; cats; horses
ANSWER: HUMANS
Round 9
TOSS-UP 3)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following tissues is most directly responsible for the growth in height of a
tree:
W) apical meristem
X) shoot terminus
Y) terminal cambial
Z) cambium terminus
ANSWER: W) APICAL MERISTEM
BONUS 3)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What specific cells and how many of them border each stomal pore?
ANSWER: GUARD CELLS; 2
TOSS-UP 10)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
During what phase of meiosis-one do homologous chromosomes exchange genetic
information?
ANSWER: PROPHASE-ONE (ACCEPT: PROPHASE)
BONUS 10)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Order the following 3 choices from the EARLIEST stage to the LATEST stage of ovarian
follicle development, and identify which of the structures is typically the LARGEST:
secondary follicle; corpus luteum; corpus albicans
ANSWER: SECONDARY FOLLICLE; CORPUS LUTEUM; CORPUS ALBICANS;
LARGEST = CORPUS LUTEUM
TOSS-UP 17)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the most common term for an area of primitive cells in plants
where active cell division occurs:
W) meristem
X) ground tissue
Y) primary cells
Z) germinal tissue
ANSWER: W) MERISTEM
BONUS 17)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the layer typically found between 2 plant cell walls of adjoining plant cells which is
composed of pectin?
ANSWER: MIDDLE LAMELLA
TOSS-UP 24)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Which one of basic plant cell types has a primary and secondary cell wall that is dead when
mature?
ANSWER: SCLERENCHYMA
BONUS 24)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 4 plants that produce seeds: cycads; ferns; mosses; conifers
ANSWER: CYCADS; CONIFERS
ROUND 10
TOSS-UP 1)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
With which of the following does human interstitial fluid differ in concentration the most
when compared with plasma:
W) sodium ions
X) potassium ions
Y) magnesium ions
Z) proteins
ANSWER: Z) PROTEINS
BONUS 1)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What human organ produces the majority of immune complement proteins?
ANSWER: LIVER
TOSS-UP 8)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following molecules would have the most peptide bonds:
W) glycogen
X) hemoglobin
Y) lecithin
Z) DNA
ANSWER: X) HEMOGLOBIN
BONUS 8)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 4 substances that would typically be considered exocrine
products: insulin; pepsin; hemoglobin; epinephrine
ANSWER: PEPSIN
TOSS-UP 15)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the common name for the units in DNA to which phosphates are covalently linked?
ANSWER: RIBOSE SUGARS (ACCEPT: PENTOSE SUGARS or SUGARS or
DEOXYRIBOSE SUGARS)
BONUS 15)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following is LEAST accurate regarding human genetics:
W) genes from gametes are typically unchanged during their passage to the zygote
X) the zygote gets 1 allele from each parental gene pair
Y) all genes independently segregate
Z) the number of copies of a particular gene can vary among individuals
ANSWER: Y) ALL GENES INDEPENDENTLY SEGREGATE (Solution: genes on the
same chromosome do not independently segregate)
TOSS-UP 22)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the specific type of protein from which spindle fibers are composed?
ANSWER: TUBULIN (ACCEPT: ALPHA AND/OR BETA TUBULIN)
BONUS 22)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 4 diseases that are caused by protists: botulism; rabies; typhoid
fever; toxoplasmosis
ANSWER: TOXOPLASMOSIS
TOSS-UP 25)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What class of immunoglobulins is most directly responsible for hay fever and common
allergies in humans?
ANSWER: IGE (ACCEPT: E or IMMUNOGLOBULIN E)
BONUS 25)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 4 cells that typically possess mitochondria: erythrocytes; plasma
cells; lymphocytes; neurons
ANSWER: PLASMA CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES; NEURONS (ACCEPT: ALL BUT
ERYTHROCYTES)
Round 11
TOSS-UP 2)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following types of biological molecules is digested by trypsin:
W) proteins
X) nucleic acids
Y) carbohydrates
Z) lipids
ANSWER: W) PROTEINS
BONUS 2)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 4 choices that are typically considered human autoimmune
dysfunctions: Rheumatoid arthritis; Lupus; shingles; Down’s syndrome
ANSWER: RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; LUPUS
TOSS-UP 9)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
At which of the following pH levels will human pepsin be most active:
W) 2
X) 4
Y) 6
Z) 8
ANSWER: W) 2
BONUS 9)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the most plentiful class of immunoglobulins in human plasma?
ANSWER: IgG (ACCEPT: G or IMMUNOGLOBULIN G)
TOSS-UP 16)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the main target of bacteria by the antibiotic penicillin:
W) energy production
X) DNA synthesis
Y) cell wall synthesis
Z) translation
ANSWER: Y) CELL WALL SYNTHESIS
BONUS 16)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the most common term for the form of protection when a non-poisonous frog has
the same appearance as a poisonous frog?
ANSWER: BATESIAN MIMICRY (ACCEPT: MIMICRY or WARNING MIMICRY)
(DO NOT ACCEPT: MULLERIAN MIMICRY)
TOSS-UP 23)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What cell in the peripheral blood is the immediate precursor of the macrophage?
ANSWER: MONOCYTE
BONUS 23)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 4 cells that are leukocytes: neutrophil; basophil; melanocyte;
macrophage
ANSWER: NEUTROPHIL; BASOPHIL
Round 12
TOSS-UP 3)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following was first proposed by Peter Mitchell as a potential energy ion
gradient across a selectively permeable membrane that is responsible for the production of
ATP:
W) osmosis
X) chemiosmosis (read as: chem-ee-oz-MOE-sis):
Y) electro-phosphorylation
Z) photosynthesis
ANSWER: X) CHEMIOSMOSIS
BONUS 3)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 3 groups of organisms that generate ATP by chemiosmosis (read
as: chem-ee-oz-MOE-sis): Cyanobacteria; plant cells; animal cells
ANSWER: ALL
TOSS-UP 10)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
From which of the following does the seed coat of angiosperm seeds typically develop:
W) integuments
X) polar nuclei
Y) nucleus
Z) cotyledons
ANSWER: W) INTEGUMENTS
BONUS 10)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Beadle and Tatum primarily used what organism to show that mutations in a single gene
caused disruptions in metabolic pathways because of the lack of a single enzyme?
ANSWER: NEUROSPORA (ACCEPT: BREAD MOLD or NEUROSPORA CRASSA)
TOSS-UP 17)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Of which of the following is endosperm in wheat primarily composed:
W) protein
X) nucleic acid
Y) carbohydrate
Z) lipid
ANSWER: Y) CARBOHYDRATE
BONUS 17)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT true regarding glycogen:
W) glycogen synthesis is endergonic (read as: en-der-GONE-ick)
X) glycogen is a polysaccharide
Y) glycogen side branches have beta 1,4 linkages
Z) glycogen in the human liver often has more than 10,000 glucose monomers
ANSWER: Y) GLYCOGEN SIDE BRANCHES HAVE BETA 1,4 LINKAGES (Solution:
beta-1,4 linkages are indigestible to humans and are found in cellulose. Glycogen has alpha
1-4 and alpha 1-6 linkages)
TOSS-UP 24)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
From the FIRST to the LAST, what are the stages into which interphase is most commonly
divided?
ANSWER: G-1; S; G-2 (ACCEPT: GAP ONE, DNA SYNTHESIS, GAP 2)
BONUS 24)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Cells that become quiescent enter G-zero from what stage of the cell cycle?
ANSWER: G-1
ROUND 13
TOSS-UP 1)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the common name for the 27-carbon lipid whose synthesis is in part regulated by
HMG CoA (read as: H, M, G, koh, A) reductase and is the basic starting point for estrogen
synthesis?
ANSWER: CHOLESTEROL
BONUS 1)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT true regarding ribosomes:
W) they are about 20 nanometers in diameter
X) eukaryotic ribosomes are slightly larger than prokaryotic ribosomes
Y) mitochondrial ribosomes have 40S (read as: forty S) small subunits
Z) they are found in chloroplasts
ANSWER: Y) MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMES HAVE 40S SMALL SUBUNITS
TOSS-UP 8)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT true of globular proteins in mammals:
W) most are soluble in water
X) some serve as transport molecules in the plasma
Y) plasma enzymes typically have an optimal operating pH of about 6.8 to 7.0
Z) most protein hormones are globular
ANSWER: Y) PLASMA ENZYMES TYPICALLY HAVE AN OPTIMAL OPERATING
PH OF ABOUT 6.8 TO 7.0
BONUS 8)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
During photorespiration, the plant enzyme RuBisCO (read as: rueBIS-ko) will bind what
molecular substance rather than carbon dioxide?
ANSWER: OXYGEN (ACCEPT: O2)
TOSS-UP 15)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following is most directly responsible for the colloid osmotic pressure in
humans that acts to retain fluid in the vascular system:
W) albumin
X) sodium ions
Y) calcium ions
Z) potassium ions
ANSWER: W) ALBUMIN
BONUS 15)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT true of the most common form of DNA:
W) it is a right-handed helix
X) it has 3.4 nanometers between each successive nucleotide base of the same strand
Y) the strands are considered anti-parallel
Z) each strand has a 3-prime phosphate and a 5-prime hydroxyl at opposite ends
ANSWER: Z) EACH STRAND HAS A 3-PRIME PHOSPHATE AND A 5-PRIME
HYDROXYL AT OPPOSITE ENDS
TOSS-UP 22)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 3 choices that are chemoautotrophs: Nitrosomonas (read as:
nitro-so-MOAN-us) Paramecium; Volvox
ANSWER: NITROSOMONAS
BONUS 22)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
From what vitamin is the electron carrier FAD (read as: F, A, D) derived?
ANSWER: RIBOFLAVIN (ACCEPT: VITAMIN B2)
TOSS-UP 25)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the most common name for the histone octamer used in the coiling and packing of
DNA and regulation of gene expression?
ANSWER: NUCLEOSOMES
BONUS 25)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 4 organelles that are bounded by a double membrane: nucleus;
mitochondrion; lysosome; chloroplast
ANSWER: NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRION; CHLOROPLAST (ACCEPT: ALL BUT
LYSOSOME)
Round 14
TOSS-UP 2)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes the repressor protein in the lac (read as: LACK)
operon: W) uncompetitive inhibitor
X) structural protein
Y) regulatory protein
Z) transcriptional factor
ANSWER: Y) REGULATORY PROTEIN
BONUS 2)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Through which of the following mechanisms do allosteric inhibitors typically operate:
W) binding the substrate
X) binding to an enzyme’s active site
Y) binding to a site other than the active site and changing the shape of an enzyme
Z) acting as a competitive inhibitor and overpowering the active sites of enzymes
ANSWER: Y) BINDING TO A SITE OTHER THAN THE ACTIVE SITE AND
CHANGING THE SHAPE OF AN ENZYME
TOSS-UP 9)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following mutations would most likely affect a gene the LEAST:
W) single base deletion
X) single base substitution
Y) single base insertion
Z) quadruple base deletion
ANSWER: X) SINGLE BASE SUBSTITUTION
BONUS 9)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following BEST explains why a single base substitution in a gene-coding
region for amino acids will sometimes lead to no change in amino acid sequence:
W) all nucleotides are subject to the same mutation rate
X) some nucleotide bases are covalently joined by stronger bonds
Y) the code is degenerate with more than one triplet coding for the same amino acid
Z) some amino acids act in the same fashion in determining the tertiary structure of a
protein
ANSWER: Y) THE CODE IS DEGENERATE WITH MORE THAN ONE TRIPLET
CODING FOR THE SAME AMINO ACID
TOSS-UP 16)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following BEST explains why leaves fall off trees in the autumn:
W) the leaves die and passively fall off
X) an abscission layer forms at the base of the leaf stem causing it to fall off
Y) the leaves slowly dry out from the bottom up because of abscisic acid that prevents
phloem from delivering nutrients
Z) the vascular tissue of the leaves fill up with resin increasing their stiffness and causing
them to become brittle
ANSWER: X) AN ABSCISSION LAYER FORMS AT THE BASE OF THE LEAF STEM
CAUSING IT TO FALL OFF BONUS
16) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following will most likely result from a single base deletion in DNA:
W) nonsense mutation
X) stop codon
Y) frame shift mutation
Z) inversion mutation
ANSWER: Y) FRAME SHIFT MUTATION
TOSS-UP 22)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the most common name for the terminus of a tRNA molecule to which amino acids
are attached?
ANSWER: 3-PRIME TERMINUS (ACCEPT: CCA 3-PRIME END or 3-PRIME END or
3-PRIME)
BONUS 22)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What protein, that takes its name from its apparent molecular weight, can arrest cells in
the G1-S checkpoint, initiate apoptosis (read as: aye-pop-TOE-sis) and, when deactivated,
is implicated in a wide variety of cancers?
ANSWER: P53
TOSS-UP 25)
BIOLOGY Short Answer I
nto what specific mitochondrial compartment are hydrogen ions pumped out during
chemiosmosis (read as: chem-ee-oz-MOE-sis)?
ANSWER: MATRIX
BONUS 25)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 4 hormones that are formed primarily from the amino acid
tyrosine: glucagon; thyroxine; epinephrine; erythropoietin (read as: EE-rithroe-POE-ihtin)
ANSWER: THYROXINE; EPINEPHRINE
TOSS-UP 3)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What enzyme in E. coli functions as the primary proof-reading molecule during
replication?
ANSWER: DNA POLYMERASE (ACCEPT: DNA POLYMERASE 3)
BONUS 3)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT true of DNA replication:
W) it is initiated by a short DNA primer
X) the growing strand is polymerized in a 5-prime to 3-prime direction
Y) DNA polymerase helps form the phosphodiesterase (read as: FOSS-foe-die-ESS-ter-ase)
bonds
Z) synthesis of the lagging strand is discontinuous
ANSWER: W) IT IS INITIATED BY A SHORT DNA PRIMER
TOSS-UP 10)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following is MOST characteristic of human blast cells in on observation with
light microscopy:
W) large nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio
X) small nucleolus and mostly heterochromatin in the nucleus
Y) lack of cytoplasmic granules and small overall size compared to mature cells
Z) absence of nucleolus (read as: NEW-clee-oh-luss) and endoplasmic reticulum
ANSWER: W) LARGE NUCLEAR TO CYTOPLASMIC RATIO
BONUS 10)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What specific molecule binds immediately upstream of the structural genes in the lac (read
as: LACK) operon and functions to transcribe these genes?
ANSWER: RNA POLYMERASE
TOSS-UP 17)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the most common name for the first membrane-associated molecule discovered to
function in a wide variety of cells in what is commonly referred to as a second messenger?
ANSWER: CYCLIC AMP (ACCEPT: cAMP)
BONUS 17)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
With which of the following are cyclin-dependent kinases most directly involved:
W) repairing damaged DNA
X) regulating cell cycle
Y) digesting plasmids
Z) insulin’s action on fat cells
ANSWER: X) REGULATING CELL CYCLE
TOSS-UP 24)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
From what basic plant cell type are the majority of cells in a corm (read as: KORM)
composed? ANSWER: PARENCHYMA
BONUS 24)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
If a germ cell of a genus of grass has 48 chromosomes at metaphase two, how many
chromosomes will a germ cell of this grass have in anaphase-two?
ANSWER: 96
ROUND 16
TOSS-UP 1)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
In which of the following wavelengths does DNA absorb the best:
W) 3,900 angstroms
X) 260 nanometers
Y) 340 nanometers
Z) 540 nanometers
ANSWER: X) 260 NANOMETERS
BONUS 1)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following is closest to the diameter of a plasmodesmata (read as: PLAS-modez-MAH-tah):
W) 2 angstroms
X) 60 nanometers
Y) 80 microns
Z) 180 microns
ANSWER: X) 60 NANOMETERS (Solution: this is the only logical size considering the
average plant cell size and the size of transported molecules)
TOSS-UP 8)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What reduced coenzyme donates its electrons to complex-one in the electron transport
system?
ANSWER: NADH
BONUS 8)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
In a double reciprocal plot of Michaelis-Menton kinetics, what is the effect of a competitive
inhibitor:
W) change in the vertical axis intercept
X) change in the slope only
Y) change in the horizontal axis intercept only
Z) change in both vertical and horizontal axes intercepts
ANSWER: X) CHANGE IN THE SLOPE ONLY
TOSS-UP 15)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the primary calcium-binding protein in eukaryotic cells, that is about 148 amino
acids long, and has a wide variety of functions often through kinases and phosphatases
(read as: foss-fah-TAY-sis)?
ANSWER: CALMODULIN
BONUS 15)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the RNA complementary sequence of the following sequence:
5’CCGCGA 3’ (read as: 5-prime, CCGCGS, 3-prime)
W) 5’ UCGCGG 3’ (read as: 5-prime, UCGCGG, 3-prime)
X) 5’ GGCGCU 3’
Y) 5’ GGCGCT 3’
Z) 5’ TCGCGG 3’
ANSWER: W) 5’ UCGCGG 3’
TOSS-UP 22)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What cell type is MOST directly responsible for secreting the bone matrix in developing
humans?
ANSWER: OSTEOBLASTS (DO NOT ACCEPT: OSTEOCYTE)
BONUS 22)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What specific human bone cell is antagonistic to osteoblasts and is known to cause
apoptosis (read as: A-pop-TOE-sis) of osetoblasts in vitro?
ANSWER: OSTEOCLASTS
TOSS-UP 25)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Intestinal absorption of what vitamin is most directly dependent on intrinsic factor?
ANSWER: B12
BONUS 25)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What plant hormone is primarily responsible for apical dominance in angiosperms?
ANSWER: AUXIN (ACCEPT: INDOLE-ACETIC ACID or IAA)
TOSS-UP 2)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following BEST explains how cyclic AMP can cause so many different
intracellular responses in a mammalian cell:
W) it is produced in large quantities
X) it migrates to the DNA where it binds to a variety of histones
Y) it activates a wide variety of specific protein kinases
Z) it prevents the activation of other hormonal signals
ANSWER: Y) IT ACTIVATES A WIDE VARIETY OF SPECIFIC PROTEIN KINASES
BONUS 2)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following BEST describes the function of a spliceosome (read as: SPLY-seeoh-zome):
W) splicing DNA together during replication
X) splicing out mutations
Y) joining multiple copies of structural genes
Z) removing introns
ANSWER: Z) REMOVING INTRONS
TOSS-UP 9)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the target tissue of the hormone leptin where it binds with LepRB
(read as: L, E, P, R, B) receptors:
W) hypothalamus
X) pancreas
Y) adipose tissue
Z) kidney
ANSWER: W) HYPOTHALAMUS
BONUS 9)
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice
Which of the following types of fatty acids would alpha linolenic or all cis-9,12,15Octadecatrienoic (read as: octa-deca-tri-en-oh-ick) acid most commonly be classified:
W) an alpha 9 fatty acid
X) an alpha 9,12,15 fatty acid
Y) an omega 3 fatty acid
Z) an omega 6 fatty acid
ANSWER: Y) AN OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID
TOSS-UP 16)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
From what specific biological molecule are Barbara McClintock’s transposons (read as:
trans-POE-zons) made?
ANSWER: DNA
BONUS 16)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Name all of the following 4 organisms in which transposons (read as: trans-POE-zons) are
found: humans; maize; fruit fly; bacteria
ANSWER: ALL
TOSS-UP 22)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the specific intermediate informational molecule for human retrotransposons (read
as: rhet-tro-trans-POE-zons):
ANSWER: RNA (ACCEPT: RIBONUCLEIC ACID or mRNA or MESSENGER RNA)
BONUS 22)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
Order the following 4 processes from the one to typically occur the EARLIEST to the one
to occur the LATEST in the production of collagen: (read slowly) spliceosome (read as:
SPLY-see-oh-zome); transcription; translation; golgi modification
ANSWER: TRANSCRIPTION; SPLICEOSOME; TRANSLATION; GOLGI
MODIFICATION
TOSS-UP 25)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
From what amino acid is the vasodilator histamine primarily synthesized?
ANSWER: HISTIDINE
BONUS 25)
BIOLOGY Short Answer
What is the typical reported initial threshold value, in millivolts, of a human peripheral
nerve axon?
ANSWER: –45 (ACCEPT: –50 TO –40)