Download Tradition and Change in Europe

Tradition and Change in
Europe
Chapter Two
Section Four
Jewish and Christian Traditions
• Judaism and the Importance of Laws
– Judaism refers to the religious beliefs of the Israelites,
who lived more than _____ years ago.
– Israelites a.k.a _____
– Jews believe in one God and feel a sacred duty to
obey God’s rules.
– Their history and laws are recorded in _____.
– Moses is credited by the Jews for bringing God’s law
to them. These laws are known as____.
Jewish and Christian Traditions
• Their view that no one is above God’s laws and
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that they must be obeyed was a very different
view from other religions at the time.
2,000 years ago Jews left their homeland and
scattered to different parts of the world.
Jews maintained their religion and identity in
their new homes.
Jewish and Christian Traditions
• Christianity and the Teachings of Jesus
– 2,000 years ago Jesus a Jew who lived in the
Roman Empire practiced the 10
Commandments.
– Jesus preached about God’s goodness and
mercy. His followers called him the Messiah,
savior chosen by God.
– The Gospels tell of how crowds flocked to
hear Jesus preach and perform miracles.
Jewish and Christian Traditions
• Jesus was seen as a political threat to local
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officials. He was arrested, tried, and crucified.
Jesus inspired a new religion- Christianity.
Christianity included Jewish traditions like
______.
Jesus taught anyone could achieve _____.
Christians were persecuted across the Roman
empire and the religion had to practiced in
secret.
Jewish and Christian Traditions
• In 391 A.D. Christianity became the official
religion of the empire.
• Christians formed a strong church and the
church sent out ______ across Europe.
• Slowly the _____ brought non-Christians
into the new faith.
Greek and Roman Traditions
• Greek Ideas About Government
– Around 500 B.C. Greece entered a _____.
There were Greek artists, poets, playwrights,
& thinkers (Socrates & Aristotle).
– Socrates and Aristotle valued human reason,
they believed that individuals could
understand the natural world.
– Other Greek thinkers made important
contributions to ___&____.
Greek and Roman Traditions
• Greeks developed what math?
• The pioneered the idea that all matter is made
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up of small moving atoms.
Greek thinkers debated on ____.
Greeks lived in small city-states. First, a monarch
ruled over each city-state. Slowly that changed.
Some were ruled by a king others by wealthy
people.
Athens was the first city where democracy was
created.
Greek and Roman Traditions
• What was this democracy called?
• Athenians believed that people would___.
• There were many limits. What were some?
• Who was not a citizen?
Greek and Roman Traditions
• Roman Government and Law
– In and around the Greeks golden age Rome a small
city-state was growing.
– On its rode to building and empire Rome absorbed
other small city-states and ideas and Greek ideas.
– In 509 B.C. the Romans over threw their king and set
up a ____.
– In the_____ there was a Senate who assembled to
make laws.
Greek and Roman Traditions
• What happened that cause the republic to face a
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series of crises that caused military leaders to
seize power?
Who was one of these military leaders?
Who took over after his death?
How long did the Roman Empire last?
What did the Roman Empire spread?
How was everyone seen in Roman tradition?
How were the accused thought of?
How was their court system set up?
Greek and Roman Traditions
• Decline of Rome
– Their decline was slow. Invaders attacked and
overran many regions. Trade and travel also
slowed down.
– As a result the Roman Empire splintered into
small, warring kingdoms. (Dark Ages)
The Middle Ages
(500 A.D. – 1400)
• Feudalism
– Kings and Queens emerged and warred over lands
with nobles.
– What was the system of rule? What does it mean?
– In the ___ society the king and the most powerful
lords were at the top.
– Most people were ____ who farmed the lord’s lands
and could not leave the land without the lord’s
permission.
The Middle Ages
• Daily Life
– Feudal life revolved around___.
– The manor was self sufficient. However, the peasants
hard a difficult life.
– Who was the most powerful force and what did they
rule?
– They owned large amounts of land and were the
source of education.
– Who were the only people who could read and write?
– What did their efforts do?
The Middle Ages
• The Crusades
– When and why did the pace of change begin the
speed up?
– What were the Crusades?
– What was the Holy Land and who controlled it?
– How many Christians journeyed to the Middle East.
– How long did these two groups fight?
– Who won in the end?
The Middle Ages
• Growth of Trade
– How did the Crusades affect trade?
– What did Italian merchants realize and what
did they do?
The Middle Ages
• New Tools for Navigation
– What did trade bring?
– What did the Europeans acquire from the Muslims?
Who did the Muslims acquire that from?
– What is an astrolabe?
– With these new instruments Europeans were able to
sail far out to sea, beyond the sight of land.
– By 1500, Portugal had taken the lead in this new
overseas travel.
The Renaissance Expands Horizons
• As trade increased Europeans became
more interested in learning about the
world.
• As they began to study they began to
make discoveries and produce books on
art, medicine, astronomy, and chemistry.
• This burst of learning is called____.
• How long did it last?
The Renaissance Expands Horizons
• What was the new invention that helped
spread the Renaissance?
• Who was the German printer?
• How were books made before?
The Renaissance Expands Horizons
• The Search for New Trade Routes
– During the Renaissance trade brought great
prosperity. As a result rulers became more
powerful.
– In England and France, the kings and queens
began to control the feudal lords.
– In Spain and Portugal, Christians drove out
Muslim rulers.
– What were all these leaders eager for?
The Renaissance Expands Horizons
• Muslim and Italian merchants controlled
trade routes across the ____.
• So what did the Europeans do?
• Where else did Europeans look to for
trade? Why?
The Renaissance Expands Horizons
• Portuguese Voyages
– Portugal was an early leader in the search for
new trade routes to Asia and for African gold.
– Who encouraged early sea captains to sail
south along the Western coast of Africa?
– He set up a school to teach sailors techniques
of navigation and the art of shipbuilding.
– Under his guidance there was a new type of
ship called ____.
The Renaissance Expands Horizons
• What did this ship look like?
• Who do we know invented that type of
ship already?
• What were some of the items Portuguese
traders traded?
• What was their hope in sailing south?
The Renaissance Expands Horizons
• In 1488, _____ reached the southern tip
of Africa.
• Nine years later, in 1497,
____rounded___.
• He sailed up the Eastern Coast of ____
and across the Indian Ocean to India.
• The Portuguese pushed to the East Indies
and the islands of Southeast Asia for ___.
Independent Assignment
• Work on updating your dictionaries.
Group Assignment
• Using the graphic organizer read, find, and
write the important facts about the
traditions that shaped European
civilizations. Each student must have their
own graphic organizer.