Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Tradition and Change in Europe Chapter Two Section Four Jewish and Christian Traditions • Judaism and the Importance of Laws – Judaism refers to the religious beliefs of the Israelites, who lived more than _____ years ago. – Israelites a.k.a _____ – Jews believe in one God and feel a sacred duty to obey God’s rules. – Their history and laws are recorded in _____. – Moses is credited by the Jews for bringing God’s law to them. These laws are known as____. Jewish and Christian Traditions • Their view that no one is above God’s laws and • • that they must be obeyed was a very different view from other religions at the time. 2,000 years ago Jews left their homeland and scattered to different parts of the world. Jews maintained their religion and identity in their new homes. Jewish and Christian Traditions • Christianity and the Teachings of Jesus – 2,000 years ago Jesus a Jew who lived in the Roman Empire practiced the 10 Commandments. – Jesus preached about God’s goodness and mercy. His followers called him the Messiah, savior chosen by God. – The Gospels tell of how crowds flocked to hear Jesus preach and perform miracles. Jewish and Christian Traditions • Jesus was seen as a political threat to local • • • officials. He was arrested, tried, and crucified. Jesus inspired a new religion- Christianity. Christianity included Jewish traditions like ______. Jesus taught anyone could achieve _____. Christians were persecuted across the Roman empire and the religion had to practiced in secret. Jewish and Christian Traditions • In 391 A.D. Christianity became the official religion of the empire. • Christians formed a strong church and the church sent out ______ across Europe. • Slowly the _____ brought non-Christians into the new faith. Greek and Roman Traditions • Greek Ideas About Government – Around 500 B.C. Greece entered a _____. There were Greek artists, poets, playwrights, & thinkers (Socrates & Aristotle). – Socrates and Aristotle valued human reason, they believed that individuals could understand the natural world. – Other Greek thinkers made important contributions to ___&____. Greek and Roman Traditions • Greeks developed what math? • The pioneered the idea that all matter is made • • • up of small moving atoms. Greek thinkers debated on ____. Greeks lived in small city-states. First, a monarch ruled over each city-state. Slowly that changed. Some were ruled by a king others by wealthy people. Athens was the first city where democracy was created. Greek and Roman Traditions • What was this democracy called? • Athenians believed that people would___. • There were many limits. What were some? • Who was not a citizen? Greek and Roman Traditions • Roman Government and Law – In and around the Greeks golden age Rome a small city-state was growing. – On its rode to building and empire Rome absorbed other small city-states and ideas and Greek ideas. – In 509 B.C. the Romans over threw their king and set up a ____. – In the_____ there was a Senate who assembled to make laws. Greek and Roman Traditions • What happened that cause the republic to face a • • • • • • • series of crises that caused military leaders to seize power? Who was one of these military leaders? Who took over after his death? How long did the Roman Empire last? What did the Roman Empire spread? How was everyone seen in Roman tradition? How were the accused thought of? How was their court system set up? Greek and Roman Traditions • Decline of Rome – Their decline was slow. Invaders attacked and overran many regions. Trade and travel also slowed down. – As a result the Roman Empire splintered into small, warring kingdoms. (Dark Ages) The Middle Ages (500 A.D. – 1400) • Feudalism – Kings and Queens emerged and warred over lands with nobles. – What was the system of rule? What does it mean? – In the ___ society the king and the most powerful lords were at the top. – Most people were ____ who farmed the lord’s lands and could not leave the land without the lord’s permission. The Middle Ages • Daily Life – Feudal life revolved around___. – The manor was self sufficient. However, the peasants hard a difficult life. – Who was the most powerful force and what did they rule? – They owned large amounts of land and were the source of education. – Who were the only people who could read and write? – What did their efforts do? The Middle Ages • The Crusades – When and why did the pace of change begin the speed up? – What were the Crusades? – What was the Holy Land and who controlled it? – How many Christians journeyed to the Middle East. – How long did these two groups fight? – Who won in the end? The Middle Ages • Growth of Trade – How did the Crusades affect trade? – What did Italian merchants realize and what did they do? The Middle Ages • New Tools for Navigation – What did trade bring? – What did the Europeans acquire from the Muslims? Who did the Muslims acquire that from? – What is an astrolabe? – With these new instruments Europeans were able to sail far out to sea, beyond the sight of land. – By 1500, Portugal had taken the lead in this new overseas travel. The Renaissance Expands Horizons • As trade increased Europeans became more interested in learning about the world. • As they began to study they began to make discoveries and produce books on art, medicine, astronomy, and chemistry. • This burst of learning is called____. • How long did it last? The Renaissance Expands Horizons • What was the new invention that helped spread the Renaissance? • Who was the German printer? • How were books made before? The Renaissance Expands Horizons • The Search for New Trade Routes – During the Renaissance trade brought great prosperity. As a result rulers became more powerful. – In England and France, the kings and queens began to control the feudal lords. – In Spain and Portugal, Christians drove out Muslim rulers. – What were all these leaders eager for? The Renaissance Expands Horizons • Muslim and Italian merchants controlled trade routes across the ____. • So what did the Europeans do? • Where else did Europeans look to for trade? Why? The Renaissance Expands Horizons • Portuguese Voyages – Portugal was an early leader in the search for new trade routes to Asia and for African gold. – Who encouraged early sea captains to sail south along the Western coast of Africa? – He set up a school to teach sailors techniques of navigation and the art of shipbuilding. – Under his guidance there was a new type of ship called ____. The Renaissance Expands Horizons • What did this ship look like? • Who do we know invented that type of ship already? • What were some of the items Portuguese traders traded? • What was their hope in sailing south? The Renaissance Expands Horizons • In 1488, _____ reached the southern tip of Africa. • Nine years later, in 1497, ____rounded___. • He sailed up the Eastern Coast of ____ and across the Indian Ocean to India. • The Portuguese pushed to the East Indies and the islands of Southeast Asia for ___. Independent Assignment • Work on updating your dictionaries. Group Assignment • Using the graphic organizer read, find, and write the important facts about the traditions that shaped European civilizations. Each student must have their own graphic organizer.