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Rome • Geography • Economics • Politics – Slide 1 – Slide 2 – Slide 3 – Slide 4 Resources • Religion – Slide 1 – Slide 2 – Slide 3 • Society & Culture – Slide 1 – Slide 2 • Science & Technology – Slide 1 – Slide 2 Theme: Geography I. Italy A. B. C. D. E. Where Rome was built Peninsula in Southern Europe Land that isn’t mountainous is covered in hills Climate similar to Southern CA Romans called the Mediterranean “Our Sea” because they controlled all surrounding land Theme: Economics I. Trading A. B. C. Large farms replaced smaller ones Couldn’t grow enough food Merchants bought food from other parts of the Mediterranean D. Metal goods and slaves brought to Rome E. Traveled beyond empire’s borders F. Used currency – gold and silver coins G. Needed raw materials H. Silk came from China Theme: Politics I. Government A. Romans created a republic 1. B. People elect leaders to govern them Tripartite – government with 3 parts 1. 2. 3. Magistrates – elected officials a. Consuls were the most powerful Roman Senate – wealthy, powerful Romans that advised city’s leaders Assemblies and Tribunes – protected common people a. Assemblies – elected magistrates to run the city b. Tribunes – had the ability to veto actions by other officials Theme: Politics (cont.) C. Law of the Twelve Tables 1. Rome’s first written law code 2. Written to protect people’s rights D. Civic Duty – Rome’s government would not have worked without the participation of the people E. Checks and Balances – kept one part of the government from becoming too strong Theme: Politics (cont.) II. Republic to Empire A. Julius Caesar – seized power from the senate and became dictator of Rome Ides of March – group of senators attacked Caesar and stabbed him to death Octavian, Caesar’s adopted son, becomes ruler B. C. 1. Changes his name to Augustus which marks the beginning of the Roman Empire Theme: Politics (cont.) III. Pax Romana – a period of great peace in the Roman Empire A. B. Population grew Trade increased IV. Law – inspired a system called Civil Law A. B. C. A system based on a written code of laws Enforced throughout the empire Spread around the world Theme: Religion I. Romans were very religious people A. B. Allowed people they conquered to keep their beliefs Polytheistic II. Jews A. B. C. D. E. Insulted Rome’s gods by not praying to them Wanted to be ruled by Jews Rebelled against Roman rule Jewish capital of Jerusalem was destroyed Jews forced to leave the city Theme: Religion (cont.) III. Christianity A. Religion based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth 1. B. Messiah Christian Bible - made of two parts 1. 2. Old Testament – largely the same as the Hebrew Bible New Testament – an account of the life and teachings of Jesus Theme: Religion (cont.) C. Christianity Spreads 1. Many people became Jesus’ followers after they saw him perform miracles 2. Spreads throughout the Roman Empire 3. Has a major influence on Roman society 4. Bishops led each Christian community 5. Pope – most honored of all the empire’s bishops a. Comes from the Greek word for father Theme: Society & Culture I. Roman Society A. Patricians 1. 2. 3. B. Nobles – wealthy, powerful citizens Small minority of the population Most powerful government officials Plebeians 1. 2. 3. Common people: peasants, crafts-people, traders Majority of population Gained right to participate in government Theme: Society & Culture (cont.) C. Roman Forum – center of life D. Legions – groups of 6,000 soldiers 1. Divided into centuries (100 soldiers) 2. Made army very flexible Theme: Science & Technology I. Roman Roads – allowed armies to travel through the empire II. Science – produced results that could benefit society A. Study stars to produce calendar III. Engineering – built structures that lasted A. B. Invented cement Used arches IV. Architecture – based on Greek ideas Theme: Science & Technology V. (Cont.) Literature & Language A. Excelled at writing satires, history, speeches and dramas B. Latin – official language 1. Wrote, conducted business, and kept records in Latin 2. Latin developed into Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian languages Resources Videos Map • Romulus & Remus 6mins • Journals Through History: Rome - Building an Empire 18mins • Journals Through History: Rome - Eternal City 19mins • Accomplishments 6mins • Daily Life 6mins • Government 10mins Vocabulary • Teacher presentation • List • Fill-in the blank list – student version Left Side Assignments • Roman Government Cartoon • Rome’s Legacy – Science & Technology • Roman Religion