Download Review Questions for Exam 1

Review Questions for Exam 1
_______________are defined as traits which enhance survival/reproduction.
____________ is the primary unifying concept in biology.
Describe evolution with just three words
(like Darwin did)_________ ______ _________.
Match the important science figure below on the left with the correct contribution on the
right:
Lyell
uniformitarianism
Aristotle
use and disuse
Cuvier
scala naturae
Flemming
binomial nomenclature
Hutton
discovered penicillin
Linneaus
father of paleontology
Lamark
gradualism
Darwin was a naturalist on the HMS ___________________ which left port in 1831.
Much of Darwin’s work stems from observation he made on the flora and fauna of the
______________________ islands on the western coast of South America.
__________ developed much of his theory on evolution while working in the West
Indies.
Name the book which Darwin authored in
1859__________________________________.
List the five observations Darwin made which explain the process of natural selection.
List three types of data used to support evolution.
All the genes in a population are termed the population’s ____________.
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Which of the following events below is most in agreement with the idea of
catastrophism?




The rise of the Himalayas
Formation of the Grand Canyon by the Colorado River
Formation of the Galapagos Islands
The extinction of the dinosaurs by the impact of a large celestial body with the
Earth
Which level of biological organization does evolution impact?
Describe the term relative fitness as it relates to evolution.
What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?
What are the 4 main sources of genetic variation as discussed in class?
Describe the three modes of natural selection as discussed in class.
Define speciation.
Define a species using the biological species concept.
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Several species of closely related frogs in the genus Rana can be found in the SE USA.
Read each description and match with the correct type of isolating mechanism from the
list.
behavioral
gametic
habitat
temporal
mechanical
Males of one species only sing when it rains; males of another species sing only
when it is not raining.____________________
One species lives in tree cavities; another species lives near fast moving
streams._________
One species mate in early March; another species mates in late
May._______________
Males of one species are too small to perform amplexus (an action that stimulates
the female frog to release eggs) with females of all other
species.________________
For each of the following list as a pre- or postzygotic barrier.
Temporal isolation_____________
Gametic isolation______________
Hybrid breakdown_______________
Mechanical isolation______________
Hybrid infertility_________________
___________ is the speciation process where a physical geographic barrier creates the
isolation.
Changes in chromosome number (autopolyploidy) may explain ____________speciation.
___________ may be described by periods of very little change followed by dramatic
speciation events with pronounced differences in new species.
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List 4 main characteristics that members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea share
which separate them from the domain Eukarya.
____________
____________
____________
____________
In the space below sketch a :
Coccus shaped bacteria
Spirillium shaped bacteria
Bacillius shaped bacteria
The prokaryotic cell wall prevents the bursting of the cell when in hypertonic
environment although their ability to reproduce is greatly affected. Why is this important
to the food industry?
What is Gram stain used for?
Where in a bacterial cell would you find peptidoglycan?
_________ are used by bacteria to adhere to each other or substrate materials.
____________ and __________are also used for adhesion in bacteria but consist of hairlike projections.
____________ are used by bacterial cells for locomotion.
What is a plasmid?
Name the process by which most bacteria reproduce.
In many bacteria, periods of harsh environmental conditions are bridged by the formation
of _________________, which are highly resistant cells in states of suspended animation.
List three important functions of bacteria:
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In the space below, construct a table illustrating the three types of symbiosis discussed in
class and the relative effect (+, -, or 0) in the host and symbiont.
What is a heterocyst used for?
How does a person contract Lyme disease?
List a real world example of bacteria being used in bioremediation.
Which of the following characters listed below do all Protists share?
Unicellular
multicellular
photosynthetic
parasitic
eukaryotic
Name the protozoan that causes “beaver fever”.________________________
Which of the following do all algae have in common:
Unicellular
multicellular
photosynthetic
parasitic
eukaryotic
Name the organism that causes African sleeping sickness.________________
Name the location in the host’s body where this parasite lives___________________.
Name the vector of this disease__________________________.
Name the vector of malaria_______________________. Name the parasitic protozoan
which causes malaria__________________________. In the life cycle of malaria, where
does sexual reproduction occur?_____________________________.
Describe the process of conjugation in a Paramecium.
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Describe locomotion in each of the following protozoans:
Trypanosoma __________________________
Paramecium___________________________
Amoeba _______________________________
When does an amoeba use phagocytosis?___________________________
Name the organism responsible for primary amoebic meningitis in
Texas._______________
List the three informal groups of members of the kingdom protista.
______________
____________
______________
Name the organism responsible for amoebic dysentery_____________________
What is the function of a contractile vacuole?_____________________________
_______________________ are algae with tests made of silica.
__________________________ are large algae also known as seaweeds. Their bodies
(sometimes called a ________________) are constructed of a ___________________,
which anchors to the substrate; an elongated ________________________ and broad
______________ (analogous to the leaves of plants).
_________________ is an important food additive extracted from the red algae.
______algae are thought to be the ancestors of terrestrial plants.
In Spirogyra, the chloroplasts are ___________ shaped; hence the name of the genus!
These algae are also able to reproduce sexually by the formation of the
_________________ ______________ which connects two algal filaments together
allowing fertilization to occur.
List the material found in the cell wall of most fungi__________________
Describe a saprophyte __________________________________
Define mycelium_______________________________________
Define hyphae__________________________________________
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A hyphae with no septa is known as _________________________________.
The study of fungi is known as _______________________.
Which of the following is the most important role of a mushroom’s underground
mycelium?
sexual reproduction
coenocytic vigor
asexual reproduction
anchorage
absorbing nutrients
__________ are the sexual structures produced in Rhizopus stolonifer. These are the
result of the fusion of the ____________________. The spores are produced in
structures called____________________ which are borne atop a __________________.
The mycelium is anchored into the substrate by modified root-like hyphae called
_______________ .
In Peziza, the fruiting body is known as a _____________________. Inside, there are
many sac-like structures called_________________ that produce the
___________________.
Coprinus mushrooms produce a fruiting body known as a ________________. Many
____________ hang underneath the cap. On each of these, there are many tiny clubshaped structures called _______________ that produce the _____________________.
What is a fairy ring?
List the three types of lichens
A lichen represents a _______________________ (form of symbiosis) between a
______________ and a ________________________.
What are mycorrhizae and how are they beneficial?
How is yeast important to the baking and brewing industry?
Name the phylum to which each belong:
Rhizpous
______________________
Coprinus mushroom _________________________
Peziza cup fungus ____________________
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