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Bacteria and Algae Chapters 6-7 Marine bacteria • Small, prokaryotic cells • Reproduce asexually via binary fission • 3 forms – Chemosynthetic – Photosynthetic – Heterotrophic Photosynthetic bacteria • Makes food from light energy • Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) – Most common type of photosynthetic algae – Single cells or long chains – Pump free oxygen back into the water Photosynthetic Bacteria • Stromatolites – Dense mats of blue green algae that traps other organic material – Believed to be dominant in prehistoric times Chemosynthetic Bacteria • Makes food from chemical energy • Use Carbon Dioxide and sulfur or ammonium • Found deep in the sea where sunlight is non-existent Heterotrophic bacteria • Decomposers in the ocean floor – Have the ability to break down tough organic molecules such as chitin, cellulose, lignin, and keretin – Recycles materials to be used by primary producers Symbiotic Bacteria • Chemosynthetic bacteria of hydrothermal vents produce chemicals that sustain deep sea communities • Bacteria living in deep sea organisms provide bioluminescence Other Microscopic Organisms • All other microscopic organisms are eukaryotic • More complex than bacteria • Provide similar services Diatoms • Cells surrounded by a frustule – Frustule- 2 part silica based “box” – Box expands at the union as the cell inside grows • Frustules do not decompose – Fall to ocean bottom – Uplifted to Create diatomaceous earth Diatomaceous Earth Uses • Filtration – Pool filters, alcohol filters • Polishing abrasive – Toothpaste – Silver polish • Sound proofing and Insulation Multicellular algae (seaweeds or macroalgae) • Highly influenced by light patterns • Includes Green Algae, Red Algae, and Brown algae • More diverse in warmer waters Structure of Seaweeds • Thallus- Main body of seaweed – No leaves or roots, as they are non-vascular – All cells of thallus photosynthesize • Photosynthetic pigments – Chlorphylls a-d – Accessory pigments may absorb other lights to pass on to chlorophylls, giving different colored seaweeds (reds and browns)