Download Arabian Peninsula

Middle East & Islam

Key ?:
◦ None
 Performance Task

2/14/13
Outcome:
◦ Using concepts,
vocabulary and
connections to text
answering ss ?s, BCRs,
SRs, and graphic
organizers
Warm-up:
What are the 5 Characteristics
of a Civilization? Get out your
Study Guide. 
5 Characteristics of a Civilization
Get ready to be the Last Historian
Standing!
Define oasis

A small area in the desert watered by
underground springs.

Used as an adaptation by the nomadic
Bedouins to survive in the desert
environment on the Arabian Peninsula.
Define frankincense

Aromatic gum or resin used as incense

Obtained from trees

Used by Bedouins to keep bugs away
from the camp while providing an
aromatic scent
Define caravan

A single file of pack animals journeying
together to transport goods.

In the Arabian Peninsula desert, these
animals are camels which help transport
trade goods like salt, pepper, silk and gold.
Define peninsula
An area of land that is surrounded on
three sides by water & connected to a
larger land mass on the fourth
 A narrow piece of land that extends out
from the mainland into an area of water

Define pilgrim

A person who travels on a sacred journey
to a sacred place or shrine

While on the hajj, the special journey to
Makkah that all Muslims must go on once
within their lifetime, they are called
pilgrims.
Define pilgrimage

A journey to a sacred place or shrine

Muslims make a pilgrimage to Mekkah
once within their lifetime called the hajj.
Define Islam
One of the largest religions of the world.
 Translated as submission to Allah

The belief in Allah (God) and that
Muhammad is the final prophet sent to
tell the world Allah’s message.
 This is commonly known as the faith
started my Muhammad.

The word Muslim means…

One who surrenders to Allah’s will

Those who follow the religion of Islam
are known as Muslims.
Define nomads
 People
who go from place to
place with their herds
Define Qur’an
 Muslim
holy book
 Written with the help of
Angel Gabriel
Define hijrah

In 622 C.E. the migration of Muhammad
and his followers from Makkah to Yithrib
(Madinah)

Created the first Muslim community
when they arrived in Yithrib
Define Sunnah

Literally means to “practice”

This is the written tradition

Known as the example that Muhammad
set for Muslims with his words and deeds
which provides examples of what to do
or say in certain situations.
Define Allah
Arabic word for God
 Muslims use this word when the profess
their faith or perform shahadah!

Define Shi
 Muslims
who believe that only
Muhammad's blood line
should become a caliph
Define Sunnis
 Believe
the caliph should be
elected by councel
Define Ka’bah
Cube shaped shrine which Muslims face
towards to pray every day
 Most important shrine in the Islamic faith
 Tradition states that it was made for Allah
by Abraham and Ishmael

Define hadith

The written collection of the Sunnah,
stories and accounts of Muhammad. It
tells of Muhammad’s words and actions
that are accepted as having authority for
Muslims to keep them on the “right path”.
Define hajj
Pilgrimage to the holy city of Makkah
 Must be made at least once a lifetime
 Journey mirrors the steps of Abraham and
Muhammad with stops at important sites
like the Ka’bah and the ZamZam Well

Complete using the 5 Pillars of Faith
Pillar
1
2
3
4
5
Arabic
Name
Shahadah
Salat
Zakat
Siyam
Hajj
English
translation
profession
of faith
Ritual
prayer
Almsgiving
Fasting
Pilgrimage
Description of
the pillar
One god
Allah and
Muhammad
is his
prophet
5 times
daily
Giving 2.5
or 1/40th
of your
salary
(wealth) to
the poor
Not to eat
or drink
from
sunrise to
sunset
during the
month of
Romadan
Journey to
the holy
city of
Makkah
once in a
lifetime;
visits the
Ka’bah &
ZamZam
well
MUHAMMAD’S LIFE AS A
PROPHET FLOW CHART
Born 570 - 572
610 Muhammad
proclaimed prophet by
angel Gabrael
622 known as the
hijrah, it was the
migration to Yathrib
creating 1st Muslim
community
613 begins to preach
but his ideas are
rejected and tribe
leaders boycott them
630 Muhammad returns
to Makkah with his army
and the tribe leaders
surrender to him
619 Night Journey
taken on a winged
horse to Jerusalem
MUHAMMAD’S LIFE AS A
PROPHET FLOW CHART
CONTINUED
613 begins to
preach but is
rejected and…
619 Night Journey
taken to Jerusalem
on a winged horse
632 Gives Last
Sermon in Makkah
632 CE Returns to
Medina and Dies
622 hijrah –
migration to
Medina creating 1st
Muslim community
Complete chart for the Arabian Peninsula
Environment
Human Adaptation
Human adaptation
Oasis
sedentary
farming
International
trade
Nomads using
camel herds
Deep wells
Coastal plains
Desert
Mountains
Terrace farming
Canals, dams,
reservoirs
Wear loose
fitting clothing &
headdresses
Mud brick houses
ECR #1

Muhammad might think the following is his greatest achievement
◦ Hijrah; 1st Muslim community
◦ Hadith
◦ Hajj
◦ Foundation of Islam
◦ Qur’an written to capture his words

Muhammad might think the following is his greatest disappointment
◦ Shi & Sunnah dispute
◦ People rejecting his message

Changes to culture
◦ Monotheism
◦ Salat (everyone stops to pray 5 times daily)
◦ Zacat – giving a specific amount to the poor

Evaluate how these changes affected and influenced Arab society.
◦ These changes helped unify the Arab world as well as encouraged education and
advanced understanding of the world
ECR #2

Contributions to math
◦ Algebra
 Used to solve problems with unknown numbers
 7x+4=25 using algebraic thinking the answer is x=3
 Still used today for many different types of uses
◦ Arabic numbers

Contributions to science
◦ Zoology
◦ ect.

Contributions to geography
◦ Calculation of Earth’s surface
 Ect.
Define desert

A dry arid area that receives less than 10
inches of rain per year.

The camel has adapted to live in the harsh
environment of the desert which is why
the Bedouins use these animals as an
adaptation to the desert environment.
Define myrrh

Tree which provides a resin or gum used
for medicinal preparations.
◦ Headache
◦ Joint pain
◦ Child birth pain
Define shaikh/sheikh

The leader of a tribe who provides rulings
over disputes

There where many disputes over water
rights with many tribes so the shaikh
would be busy settling these matters.
Identify who, according to the
Qur’an, built the Ka’bah.

Abraham and his son Ishmael
Identify the four environments
for the Arabian Peninsula.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Desert
Oasis
Mountains
Coastal Plains
The ship of the desert is…

Camel

Why would the Arab people call this
animal this name?
◦ There is not a river or large body of water to
quickly move trade goods but the camel can
carry large amounts and survive the harsh
desert environment acting like a “ship”
List the way trade cities developed
around oases
Trade routes through oases
2. Stable food using fertile soil & fresh
water develops
3. Sedentary farmers settle
4. Trade btwn sedentary farmers &
nomads
5. Trade center villages develop
6. Trade towns
1.
1. Stable food supply
2. Specialization of labor
3. System of government
Flow Chart of Muhammad to
identify 8 important events which
occurred in his life – start with birth
& end with death giving dates
 1st
box
 570-572 CE
◦ Muhammad’s birth in Makkah
2nd box
– In 610 CE
• Muhammad went to the Hira Cave
where the angel Gabriel told
Muhammad he was a messenger of
Allah.
3rd box
 613 C.E.
 Muhammad began to preach to other Makkans
but some within his tribe rejected his teaching.

 4th
box
 19 C.E.
◦ Abu Talib and Khadijah died after the difficult
period during the boycott. This same year,
Muhammad took a Night Journey on a winged
horse to Jerusalem where he met other
prophets and met Allah in Paradise
Cont. flow chart
 5th
box
 622 C.E.
◦ Muhammad and his followers left Makkah on a
journey known as the hijrah. They moved to
Yithrib and developed the first Islamic
community then renamed the city Madinah
“the City of the Prophet”. This became the
1st year of the Muslim calendar.
Cont. flow chart
6th box
 630 C.E.

◦ Muhammad to make a special pilgrimage to their city.
While they broke the truce in 630, Muhammad and
his army were marching toward Makkah. The cities
leaders surrendered with out a battle.
◦ Muhammad forgave them and then destroyed all the
idols around the Ka’bah.
Cont. flow chart
 7th
box
 632 C.E.
◦ Muhammad led his final pilgrimage. In the
town of his birth, he delivered his Last
Sermon which reminded Muslims to treat
each other well, to be faithful to their
community and Allah.
Cont. flow chart
Final box
 632 C.E.
 Muhammad returns to Madinah and dies
shortly after.

Muslims believe the rule of
Succession for Muslims under the
blood
Shi’ should be through _________
relations or descendants of Muhammad
____________________________
While the Sunnis believe it should
Elected by council
be through ___________________.
What is the Ka’bah
Cube shaped shrine
 Located in Makkah
 Believed to have been created by
Abraham & Ishmael for Allah
 Used during the hajj; Muslims will circle it
7 times as they believe Muhammad did

How did Muhammad & His
followers spread Islam?
Merchants and traders
 Sufi poems
 Territory expansion
 Conversion

Explain what Muhammad said a jihad
was
means “to strive” too to what is just and
right.
 A struggle to overcome difficulties and do
that which is pleasing to Allah.
 He said that the “lesser jihad” was the
external struggle but the “greater jihad
was the internal struggle to fight evil.

What is Shari’ah
The collection of Islamic laws
 translated means, “the path to be
followed”
 based upon the Qur’an and the Sunnah.

Can you describe the environment of the
desert and give adaptations?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Environment:
Hot, dry, sandy
High temp above 120
degrees
Winter & nighttime can
drop below freezing
Annual rainfall no more
than 4 inches
Flash floods
Blinding sandstorms
Adaptations
1. Nomads herd goats &
sheep
2. Camels “the ship of the
desert”
3. Wear loose fitting long
gowns and cotton
headdresses
4. Trade with the
sedentary villages
around the oases

Can you describe the environment of
the oasis and give adaptations?
Environment
1. Water seeps to the
surface from an
underground spring
2. Grassy
3. Fertile land


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Adaptations
Sedentary villagers
Small crops
Deep wells
Date palm tree
Bartered with the
nomads
Can you describe the environment of
the coastal plains and give adaptations?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Environment
5 to 40 miles inland
Rocky cliffs
Air is damp ad
moist
Regular rain fall
Dry riverbeds that
fill with water
Natural harbors

1.
2.
3.
4.
Adaptations
International trade
Farming
Canals, dams &
reservoirs
Myrrh &
frankincense to
trade
Can you describe the environment of the
mountains and give adaptations?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Environment
Rise from 1,000 to
12,000 feet
Craggy mounts
Moist winds off the
Indian Ocean
Cool temperatures
Dry riverbeds that fill
during rainstorms

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Adaptations
Houses made of mud
brick
Terrace farming
Irrigation systems,
dams & other storage
containers to collect or
move water
Crops of fruits like
pomegranates also
frankincense & myrrh
Manure & ashes used
to fertilize the soil
Can you list the 5 Pillars of Islamic
Faith?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Shahadah –profession (declaration) of
faith, to show belief in one God
Salat –daily ritual prayer; 5 x daily
Zakat – almsgiving; sharing 1/40th or 2.5
% of your wealth w/ the poor
Siyam – fasting during the holy month
of Ramadan
Hajj – pilgrimage to the holy city of
Makkah, each Muslim must do this once
in their lifetime during the 12th month
Create a list regarding how Makkah is
different from other trade cities and
how it remains different today
Zamzam water; sweet tasting
b) Protected pilgrims form attack
c) Ka’bah created by Abraham & Ishmael
d) Four trade routes going into the city
Today:
a) Muhammad’s birthplace
b) City where the hajj, the fifth pillar of
Islamic faith, takes place
a)
Fill in the chart using the 5 characteristics
and the Bedouins
Civilization Characteristic
Evidence fm Bedouins
1
Stable food supply
Camel herds used
2
Specialization of labor Herds, yogurt maker,
tent maker, weavers
3
Social levels
Shaihk
tribe
4
System of government Tribal law
5
Highly developed
culture
other
members
Polytheistic religious
ideas; pilgrimages
made to the Ka’bah
to leave idols around
it