Download Chapter 3 Grammar Phrases

Chapter 3 Grammar: Phrases Notes
Phrase – A group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and that does
not contain both a verb and its subject. (Considered a single part of speech)
Prepositional Phrase – Includes a preposition, the object of the preposition, and any
modifiers of that object.
o Adjective Phrase – A prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or a pronoun.
o Adverb Phrase – A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, and adjective, or
an adverb.
Participle – A verb form that can be used as an adjective.
1. Running water
2. Crying girl
3. Flying saucer
4. Baked chicken
5. Cooked meal
Participle Phrase – Consists of a participle and any modifiers or complements the
participle has. The entire phrase is used as an adjective.
1. Speaking loudly and clearly, she cleared the room.
2. Nodding his head, he agreed with the teacher.
3. Encouraged by his friends, he asked the girl out.
Complete EXERCISE 3, 60
Other Phrases
Gerund – A verb forming ending in –ing that is used as a noun.
Gerund Phrase – Consists of a gerund and any modifiers or complements the gerund
has. The entire phrase is used as a noun.
Infinitive – Original form of a verb, such as, to be, to run, to walk.
Infinitive Phrase – Consists of an infinitive and any modifiers or complements the
infinitive has. The entire phrase can be used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
Appositive – Noun or Pronoun placed beside another noun or pronoun to identify or
describe it.
Appositive Phrase – Consists of an appositive and any modifiers the appositive has.
The Gerund Phrase
Gerund – A verb forming ending in –ing that is used as a noun.
Functions
Subject
Predicate Nominative
Direct Object
Indirect Object
Object of Preposition
Examples
Swimming quickly tired us.
Janetta’s hobby is knitting.
She has always loved dancing.
He gave studying all his attention.
In cooking, we use salt and pepper
Gerund Phrase – Consists of a gerund and any modifiers it has. The
entire phrase is used as a noun.
Functions
Subject
Predicate Nominative
Direct Object
Indirect Object
Object of Preposition
Examples
Swimming in the ocean quickly tired us.
Janetta’s hobby is knitting sock and mittens
She has always loved dancing with her Dad.
He gave studying for the test all his attention.
In cooking our dinner, we use salt and pepper