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Transcript
Respiration 1 What is RESPIRATION? Lung animation Definition- the exchange of CO2 and O2 AND it’s also the production of energy (ATP) • (it’s NOT just “breathing”. It is also the release of energy by our cells!) •it allows exchange of outside air and our circulatory system (blood transport) 2 Cellular Respiration Formula Oxygen + food O2 + glucose ATP (energy) + carbon dioxide + water ATP (Reactants) + CO2 + H2O (Products) FORMULA MEANING: The body takes in O2 and food (glucose) to produce ATP (energy). The body then gives off CO2 and H2O as waste The RESPIRATORY SYSTEM must work with the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM so that the oxygen can be transported to cells and CO2 can be taken away from cells! 3 Where does respiration happen? In the mitochondria of ALL plant & animal cells! Remember they are the “powerhouse” of the cell! 4 Two Types of Respiration Aerobic Uses oxygen to release energy from food (36 ATP) vs. Anaerobic Does not use oxygen to release energy (2 ATP); AKA fermentation, lactic acid production Ex. Yeast, bacteria, human muscle Ex. Fish, humans, dogs 5 More on anaerobic respiration…… Depending on what type of organism you are, you create different products after respiring in the absence of oxygen. If you are a: human cell, you produce 2 ATP and lactic acid (makes your muscles burn) glucose lactic acid + 2ATP bacteria cell used in making cheese & yogurt, you produce 2 ATP and lactic acid glucose lactic acid + 2ATP yeast cell used in baking and brewing, you produce 2 ATP and CO2 and alcohol glucose GLUCOSE SONG alcohol + CO2+ 2ATP Cowboy respiration clip HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Part Function Nostril Where air (O2) enters;CO2 leaves Nasal Cavity Area behind our nose; warms, moistens, and cleans air Pharynx Back of throat Larynx voicebox Epiglottis Flap of skin that covers windpipe so food does not enter lungs 9 HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Part Trachea Bronchi Function •Windpipe • leads to lungs •covered with cartilage rings •lined with cilia 2 tubes that connect to trachea to the lungs Bronchioles smaller branches of bronchi end in air sacs/alveoli • http://www.bmu.unimelb.edu.au/examples/gasxlung/ 13 HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Part Alveoli Lungs Function Air sacs where O2 and CO2 are exchanged with capillaries and the blood stream; 600 million in the average adult organs of breathing where gas exchange occurs Lung surface area clip Diaphragm •muscle under lungs that controls lungs expanding & contracting •pulls O2 in and pumps CO2 out 14 Inside an Alveolus OO O222 Inhalation/Exhalation: Alveolus is 1 cell thick O2 CO2 O2 CO2 O2 CO2 O2 O2 CO2 O2 CO2 O2 O2 CO2 Capillary blood vessel is 1 cell thick – What is the purpose of Nose Mouth Pharynx Epiglottis (flap) Trachea Lung Bronchi Bronchi Bronchioles Diaphragm Alveoli 16 Respiration Diagram Labels Nasal Cavity/sinuses Lung Model Long straw (trachea) Y-Straws (Bronchi) Balloon (lungs) Rubber sheet (diaphragm) 17 How does the Body Regulate the Rate of Respiration? How do our bodies know when to breathe faster or slower? Our medulla! (in our brains), it detects the amount of CO2 in our blood - As CO2 levels increase, breathing rate increases Medulla 18 Comparison of Inhale/Exhale Inhale Exhale expand collapse moves down moves up oxygen increases decreases carbon dioxide Decreases Increases ribs diaphragm 19 Lung/Diaphragm Animation link Lung function review clip 20 Check this Out! Relaxed Diaphragm Which muscles will cause inhalation? Contracted Diaphragm Lung Demonstration ! Respiratory Homeostasis Disorders 1. Emphysema: lung cells do not receive enough O2 because alveoli are damaged (stretched out) leads to decreased lung capacity caused by smoking, air pollution 2. Bronchitis : infection of the respiratory tract; results in an increase in mucus in bronchial tubes, swelling, inflammation of the bronchial tubes, coughing, difficult breathing 23 Respiratory Homeostasis Disorders 3. Pneumonia: viral or bacterial infection of lungs that causes them to fill with pus and fluid 4. Asthma: bronchi spasms that cause difficulty breathing; constricted blood vessels in air passageways usually caused by allergies 24 Stop Smoking Ad 25 Stop Smoking Ad 26