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Kristin SI Biology 255 Unit 4E Continued 1. The vocal ligaments attach _________________________ cartilage to ____________________ cartilage. 2. The mucosal folds are also called the “___________________” vocal cords. 3. As air rushes up from the lungs _______________________ are produced, creating sound. 4. Vestibular folds, also called “_______________________” vocal cords, do/do not play a role in sound production, close/open glottis when swallowing or holding breath. 5. Match the following terms with their descriptors: _____ Speech A. depends upon force of air rushing across vocal cords _____ Pitch B. resonates, amplifies and enhances sound quality _____Loudness C. intermittent release of expired air while opening and closing the glottis D. determined by the length and tension of vocal cords _____Pharynx 6. The flexible and mobile tube extending from the larynx into mediastinum is called the _______________________. The mucosal layer of the _____________________ contains ____________________ cells and ______________________ ________________________________ epithelium. The submucosal layer contains __________________________ tissue. And the outermost layer, _____________________, has C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage. What is the purpose of this cartilage? 7. The Bronchial Tree, consists of four parts, the __________________________, ________________________, ____________________________, __________________________. 8. The Bronchi extend from the carina at the end of the trachea and extends into both the left and right directions. By the time air has reached this portion of the lungs it is ________________ and ______________________ of impurities. The bronchi divide to supply each ________________ of the lungs. Is the tissue of the bronchi more like that of the trachea of alveoli? 9. The change from the conducting zone to the respiratory zone is defined by the presence of ___________________. The presence of many sacs in the respiratory zone increases the ______________________ _________________________ of the lungs, allowing for more gas exchange. 10. The _________- _________________ barrier is made of a fuse layer called the basal lamina, which is shared between the _____________________ and _____________________ walls. 11. Alveolar cell walls are composed of one/two layer(s) of epithelium. 12. How is the surface of alveolar ducts is kept sterile? 13. Match the part of the lung to its description: _____Root A. narrow superior tip _____Costal surface B. site of vascular and bronchial attachments _____Apex C. anterior, lateral and posterior surfaces in contact with ribs D. cavity accommodating heart _____ Base _____ Hilus _____ Cardiac notch E. indentation containing pulmonary and systemic blood vessels F. inferior surface resting on diaphragm _____ Left lung G. 2 lobes _____ Right lung H. 3 lobes 14. Which nerve stimulates the inspiratory muscles and diaphragm? 15. During inspiration, the diaphragm, intercostal muscles and inspiratory muscles contract/relax. Pressure then drops above/below atmospheric pressure? Air continues to flow until intrapulmonary pressure = atmospheric pressure. What happens during expiration? 16. Chemoreceptors located at the carotid and aortic vessels detect concentrations of _________ and ______________ in the blood. The two areas that control respiration are the ________________________ Respiratory Center and ________________________ Respiratory Center. 17. What important events take place at birth for a fetus allowing it to exchange gases on its own?