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__________Date______________Per. _______
Biology: Ecology Review Worksheet
Use the word bank to answer 1-16.
predation
producer
symbiosis
population
parasitism
secondary consumer
mutualism
commensalism
niche
90
carrying capacity
habitat
detrivores
denitrification
nitrogen gas
carbon
10
Term
1. Commensalism
2. Parasitism
3. Symbiosis
Definition
Relationship in which one organism is helped and the other organism is not
harmed or helped
A relationship in which one organism benefits and another organism is harmed
7. Mutualism
Relationship in which two organisms live together in close association
Some bacteria in the soil change nitrogen compounds into nitrogen gas. This
process is called____.
______________is converted into fossil fuels such as gas, peat, or coal
When an organism dies, it is eventually eaten by __________. (ex. vultures,
worms, crabs)
Relationship between two species that live together and benefit each other
8. Habitat
An area where a particular organism lives (it’s home)
9. Producer
Organism that makes its own food is called an autotroph or ________.
10. Predation
The act of one organism consuming another organism for food
11. Nitrogen gas
__________________is captured from the air by bacteria that live in the soil, water, or
on roots of some plants and converted into a form that can be used by plants
4. Denitrification
5. Carbon
6. Detritivores
12. Population
14. Niche
Made up of individual organisms of the same species
In an energy pyramid, _____ percent of the available energy is use by the
organism to build cells and tissues. Some is released as heat. Only _____percent
is available to the next level.
The role an organism has in its in environment. ( what it is good at)
15. Secondary
When a bear eats a plant-eating rodent, the bear is as a __________ consumer.
16. carrying capacity
The maximum number of individuals in a species that an environment can support for the
long term is called _________________.
13. 90
-
10
Define Biological magnification –
Define Chemosynthetic bacteria-
Define Biogeochemcial cycle-
Use the following words to define 1-14.
abiotic
ammonia
omnivore
sun
food web
tertiary
biological magnification
1. sun
ecosystem
food chain
nitrogen fixation
biotic
biosphere
heterotroph
photosynthesis
3.tertiary
The primary energy source on Earth is the __________.
During ____________, plants change carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and
release oxygen into the air
Quaternary consumers eat_____________
4. nitrogen fixation
Process of capturing and changing nitrogen into a form that plants can use
5. biosphere
Portion of earth that supports life
6.biotic
8. heterotrophs
All living organisms in an environment
When organisms die, decomposers break down some of dead organisms into a
nitrogen compound called ________________
Primary consumers are also called
9. food chain
The sequence of energy flow between organisms is called _______
10. ecosystem
Made up of the organisms and nonliving things in an area
11. abiotic
12. biological
magnification
All non living organisms in an environment
The accumulation of increasingly large amounts of toxic substances within each
successive link of the food chain.
A diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an
ecosystem
An organism that eats both plants and animals
2. photosynthesis
7.ammonia
13. food web
14 omnivore
For each of the following, determine whether the statement describes a biotic or an abiotic factor.
A
tropical rain forests receive the most amount of rainfall of all biomes
B
an increase in plants provided herbivores with more food, increasing birth rates
B
oak trees provide homes to many animals
A
plains are susceptible to tornadoes and high wind conditions
transpiration from forests increases humidity, forming clouds and promotes
rainfall
polar bears are top predators of the Arctic
A
B
Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen fixation
Legumes
Use these words to fill in the blanks
proteins
bacteria
decomposers compounds
denitrification
DNA
amino acids
nitrogen
78%-80% of the atmosphere is made up of nitrogen. Organisms need this important
element to make proteins, which are used to make DNA(genetic code) and
amino acids, which build compounds.
But most organisms can’t use nitrogen gas. Certain types of bacteria live in the soil and
on roots of plants called legumes (beans) The nitrogen is converted into a form that is usable
by plants in a process called nitrogen fixation. When organisms die, decomposers
return nitrogen to the soil as ammonia. Bacteria change the ammonia into nitrates which are usable
by plants. Other bacteria may convert it into nitrogen gas and return it to the atmosphere in a
process called denitrifixation.
Carbon cycle – Use these words to fill in the blanks
Natural gas
cellular respiration
environment
photosynthesis
carbon
fossil fuels
All living things contain carbon. It’s also found in the ocean, air, and certain types of rock.
Carbon cycles through living organisms and the environment.
During cellular respiration, organisms use oxygen to release energy and carbon dioxide.
Some carbon remains locked away for millions of years in the form of fossil fuels-(coal, oil,
Natural gas) and when burned will release carbon into the air. Plants are able to reduce
environmental CO2 levels through the process of photosynthesis.
In the diagram, which organism provides nutrients for the largest number of other organisms?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Bluefish
Snapper - B
Seal
Herring
Which level of the food pyramid contains the most biomass? (look in your notes)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Copepods
Algae B
Bass
Minnows
In this food chain, the spiders area.
b.
c.
d.
producers
primary consumers
competitors
secondary consumers -D
According to this food web, which of these is an
omnivore?
a.
b.
c.
d.
caterpillar
mouse
ant - C
fly larva
Read the following symbiotic relationships and label if they are examples of parasitism, mutualism, or
commensalim.
___M___________________________- In Africa the crocodile needs a plover bird to clean his teeth. The
plover bird gets to eat the food between the crocodile’s teeth, while the crocodile gets cleaner mouth to keep
surviving and hunting.
______M________________________- Relationship between a human and pet dog
C
______________________________- Humans take milk from a cow
C
______________________________- Barnacles create home sites by attaching themselves to whales.
M
______________________________- Silverfish live and hunt with army ants. They share the prey.
C
______________________________- Remoras attach themselves to a shark’s body. They then travel with the
shark and feed on the leftover food scraps from the shark’s meals.
P
______________________________- Being bitten by a mosquito
The collared peccary is often mistaken for a pig. It has a short pig-like snout and crushing molars. The peccary
has a mass of 10–20 kg and a shoulder height of about 50 cm. The collared peccary is omnivorous, eating
mostly roots, seeds, fruit, cacti, and occasionally insects and mice. Peccaries travel in herds of 6–30 animals.
The natural enemies of the peccary are bobcats and coyotes.
Which of these is a food web based on the relationships described above? B
Define –
primary succession- establishment of a community in an area of exposed rock that does not have any topsoil
secondary succession- orderly and predictable change that takes place after a community of organisms has been
removed but the soil is intact - after a fire, flood
Section: Community Ecology, Population Dynamics
 Density-dependent factor  Densityindependent
factor
 Logistic Growth
 Limiting Factor
 Exponential
Growth
 Population
Density
 Carrying Capacity
 Primary
succession
 Climax community
 Secondary
succession
 Lava flow
 fire
 Immigration
 Emigration
 Ecological
succession
 Pioneer Species
Term
1. pop density
2. limiting factor
3. ecological succession
4. logistic growth
5.carrying capacity
6. immigration
7. density indep factor
8. pioneer species
9. climax commun
10. density depend factor
11. lava flow
Definition
Ex. There was an average of 4 American bison per sq.km in Northern Yellowstone
in 2000. This is an example of ______?
Abiotic factor or biotic factor that restricts the numbers, reproduction, or
distribution of organisms
The process of one community replacing another as a result of changing abiotic and
biotic factors
Type of growth when the population’s growth slow or stops at the population’s
carrying capacity
The maximum number of individuals in a species that an environment can support
for the long term.
the number of individuals moving into a population
any factor in the environment that does not depend on population density. Ex. Oil
spill, hurricanes, floods
The first organisms to appear –ex. Lichens, moss
A stable, mature community in which there is little change in the number of species
any factor in the environment that depends on population density.
Ex. populations limited by disease, competition, predators
Ex. of primary succession
13. fire
Populations grow until some limiting factor slow the growth. Gives a graph a “J”
shape
Ex. of secondary succession
14. primary succession
the establishment of a community in an area of bare rock that does not have topsoil
15. emigration
the number of individuals moving away from a population
The orderly and predictable change that takes place after a community of organisms
has been removed but the soil remains
12.exponential growth
16. secondary succession
Main Idea: Ecologists study environments at different levels of organization.
Write a description of each level of organization in the table. Also, provide an example for each level.
Level
1. Organism
Description
Example
2. Population
3. Community
4. Ecosystem
5. Biosphere
Fill in the diagram below with the Levels of Organization studied in Ecology. Use the terms from the table
above.
Main Idea: An ecosystem includes both abiotic and biotic factors. Producers provide energy for other
organisms in an ecosystem.
Complete the following sentences with the correct term from the list below
autotrophs
eating
nonliving
abiotic
living
temperature producers
moisture
plants
animals
biotic
consumers
heterotrophs nonliving
6. All ecosystems are made up of living and nonliving components.
7. Biotic factors are living things, such as plants or animals.
8. Abiotic factors are nonliving things, such as wind, temperature, or moisture.
9. _autotrophs are organisms that get their energy from nonliving resources,
meaning they make their own food. These organisms are also called producers.
10. heterotrophs are organisms that get their energy by eating / consuming other
organisms. These organisms are also called consumers.
11. Why are producers so important to an ecosystem? They provide a conversion of the sun’s energy to a
source of food for heterotrophs, they are the beginning of food webs
KEY CONCEPT: Food chains and food webs model the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
Choose the correct term from the box below to fit each description.
carnivore
herbivore
secondary consumer
decomposer
detritivore
omnivore
primary consumer
tertiary consumer
trophic levels
12. I eat only plants. I am a(n) ___________________________. heribovre
13. I eat only other animals. I am a(n) _______________________. carnivore
14. I eat both plants and animals. I am a(n) _____________________. omnivore
15. I eat dead organic matter. I am a(n) _______________________. detritivore
16. I break down organic matter into simpler compounds. I am a(n) ______________________. decomposer
17. I am the first consumer above the producer level. I am a(n) ____________________. Primary consumer
18. I am a carnivore that eats herbivores. I am a(n) __________________________. Secondary consumer
19. I am a carnivore that eats other carnivores. I am a(n) __________________________ . tertiary consumer
20. The levels of nourishment in a food chain are called _______________________. Trophic levels
21. How is a food web different from a food chain? Food web shows all of the feeding relationships in an
ecosystem, a food chain is a single flow of energy
22. Label the four tiers of the energy pyramid with the correct trophic level (producers, primary consumers,
secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers).