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Age of Exploration Ch 19 Sec. 1 After the Crusades • Europeans still want spices & luxuries from Asia but lands are Muslim controlled • Italians controlled trade of goods from east to west & got rich • Other countries want to trade to get rich too For “God, Glory, and Gold” • Desire for wealth & to spread Christianity main reasons for exploration • Europeans seek trade routes to Asia for spices & luxury goods • Try to find direct sea route to Asia Sea Routes to from Europe to Asia? 2 direct sea routes Sailing innovations • Portuguese leaders in making innovations • Caravel – Ship could sail in shallow water closer to shore Prince Henry (Portugal) • Son of Portugal’s king • Founded a navigational school in Portugal • Mapmakers, instrument makers, shipbuilders & sea captains met to learn their trade Astrolabe Sextant How to use a Sextant Compass Explorers • Bartolomeu Dias (Portugal): 1st to sail around southern tip of Africa • Vasco da Gama (Portugal): Sailed around southern tip & along East African coast. Found sea route from Portugal to India Cape of Good Hope Explorers • Christopher Columbus (Spain): 1st European to discover Americas • Landed on island in Caribbean • Thought he was in East Indies islands East Indies (in orange) Naval Rivalry • Between Spain & Portugal • Both countries were competing for claims to new lands Spain Portugal Treaty of Tordesillas • Pope steps in to keep peace • Suggests imaginary dividing line called the “Line of Demarcation” • Land west of line = lands Spanish can claim • Land east of line = lands Portuguese can claim Dutch East India Company • From the Netherlands • By 1600 owned the largest fleet in the world – 20,000 ships • Eroded Portuguese presence and dominated the Indian Ocean trade • Became very rich • Eventually British, Dutch, French, Spanish, and Portuguese, competed for Asian trade • British would focus on specific trading posts in India instead of trying to maximize trade all over Indian Ocean