Download Ch.3 Exploration

Age of Exploration &
Isolation
1400-1800
God, Glory, & Gold
Europeans had not been isolated
from the rest of world before
1400s
1110 European Crusaders battled
Muslims for Holy Lands in SW
Asia
1275 Marco Polo reached court of
Kublai China
Before 1400s Europeans had not
desire or capability to explore
foreign lands
Desire to grow rich & spread
Christianity, combined with new
sailing technologies spurred age
of European exploration
Europeans seek new trade routes
 GOLD #1 reason- to seek new sources of wealth was main reason for
exploration
 By sailing, Europeans hoped to find new/faster sea routes to Asia
 GLORY
 Goals were to
1. Win access to these lands (BY SEA)
2. Bypass the Muslims & Italians who currently controlled trade
 European monarchs got tired of paying Italians high prices for Asian
goods
 Spices (nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, pepper) Luxury goods
 Merchants could take these back to Europe and make huge profits reselling them
GOD- Spread of Christianity
 Motivation for Europeans to explore
 Crusades left Europeans feeling they had a sacred duty to fight the Muslims
but to also convert non-Christians in Asia mostly
New Technologies
Long voyages were impossible
because European ships could
not sail against the wind
Caravel- new ship
 Stronger built than older ships
 Triangular shaped sails allowed better navigation
& ability to sail against the wind (Arab invention)
Astrolabe- used to determine
location @ sea
 used to calculate latitude (determined location
North/South)
Magnetic Compass
 More accurately calculated direction
 Invented by Chinese
Portugal Leads the Way
 Leaders in applying new
technologies
 Strong support to explore by
government
 Prince Henry- Kings Son
 Conquered Muslim city of Ceutacaptured spices/jewels
 1st country to establish trading posts
along west coast of Africa
 Eventually pushed farther into the
Indian Ocean
Exploring Africa
 Prince Henry
 went to Africa in 1415
 Discovered wealth beyond Europe- (pepper, cinnamon,
spices, gold/silver, & jewels)
 Determined to reach the source of these
treasures in the east (Asia)
 Also wanted to spread Christianity
 1419- Founded navigation school on
Portugal’s SW coast
 Mapmakers, instrument makers, ship builders, scientists,
& captains came to perfect their trade
 Within years the Portuguese had
established many trading posts along the
west coast of Africa
 Trading for gold, jewels, & spices
 Traded for Africa captives to be used as SLAVES
 Started attempting a voyage to Asia
Portuguese Reach Asia
 To reach Africa they believed they had to sail
around tip of Africa
 Bartolomeu Dias
 1488 ventured down the west coast until they
reached the tip
 Storm battered them for days and pushed them to
East coast
 His crew was exhausted an low on supplies so he
turned around and headed home
 Vasco da Gama
1497 began exploring Africa’s east coast
1498 reached port of Calicut in India
Amazed by the spices, silks, and gems they found
Filled their ship with 60 times what the voyage cost
and headed back to Portugal
 His 27,000 mile trip established a direct sea route
to Asia
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Spain Gets Involved
 Spanish monarchs began to desire a direct route to Asia
 Christopher Columbus- 1492
 Convinced monarchs that he could find a route to Asia by sailing
across the Atlantic Ocean
 October- he reached the Caribbean Islands (Bahamas)
 He thought he had reached the East Indies
 Opened door for colonization of Americas
 Increased tensions between Spain & Portugal
 Portuguese believed Columbus had reached Asia
 Pope Alexander 6th
 Stepped in to keep the peace
 Suggested an imaginary dividing line North/South through the Atlantic
Ocean
 Lands West were Spanish- most of the Americas
 Lands East were Portuguese- Asia/Africa
Treaty of Tordesillas
 Portuguese argued that Spain was
given too much territory
 Lined moved farther west for
Portuguese
 Gives them Brazil
 Portugal signs Treaty of
Tordesillas
 Started era of exploration &
colonization
Trading Empires Clash
 European nations scrambled to
established trading posts along South/SE
Asia
 Battled each other and region’s
inhabitants
 Portugal
 1509 defeated Muslim fleet off coast of India
 Became masters of Indian trade
 Captured islands of Moluccas- Spice
Islands
 Spices now cost Portuguese now cost 1/5 of
what they used to cost
 Spain-1521
 Ferdinand Magellan arrived in Philippines
 Settled them in 1565
 Died during Civil war in Philippines crew
made it home
 First person to circumnavigate the world***
Nations Challenge Portugal
 Netherlands- Dutch
 Worlds largest fleet
 20,000 ships
 Battled mostly the English for control of lands in Asia
 Dutch East India Company
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Mint money
Make treaties
Raise armies
Richer/more powerful than English
Eventually drove English and established dominace over region
Dutch Dominance
 Seized the spice Islands
 Increased control over Indian Ocean
 Amsterdam- Netherlands capital
 Became leading commercial center
 Established trading outposts in several Asian
countries
 Controlled Cape of Good Hope
 Southern tip of Africa
England/France
Started establishing trading posts
Started East India Company
 Never showed much profit
Limited influence in this region other than
India
European traders began to seek new riches in
China and Japan
Ch.3 Sec.1 Questions
How did Ferdinand Magellan die?
A.Lost @ Sea
B.Killed in Philippines during civil war
C.Heart attack
D.Starved to death
Ch.3 Sec.1 Questions
What Dutch city became the trading
capitol of the world due to
exploration?
A.London
B.Amsterdam
C.Rotterdam
D.Luxemburg
Ch.3 Sec.1 Questions
Which European country dominated
Indian trade and controlled the Cape of
Good Hope in Africa?
A.Spain
B.Portugal
C.Netherlands
D.Chinese
Ch.3 Sec.1 Questions
Which Asian country was influenced by
England and France during the 1400s Age
of Exploration?
A. Africa
B. Philippines
C. Australia
D. India