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Name : Class : PART 1 Vocabulary The following vocabulary words are from The Human Digestive System. Fill in the number of each word next to its closest definition. VOCABULARY 1. _____ organ that stores bile 1. amino acids 7. lipids 2. _____ building blocks of protein 2. bile 8. liver 3. _____ first portion of the small intestine 3. carbohydrates 9. pancreas 4. _____ main building material of all cells 4. duodenum 10. proteins 5. _____ aids protein digestion in the stomach 5. gallbladder 11. starches 6. _____ largest gland in the body and producer of bile 6. hydrochloric acid 12. villi 7. _____ organic compounds such as fat and cholesterol 8. _____ gland which secretes enzymes for all types of digestion 9. _____ foods that include bread, pasta and potatoes 10. _____ group of compounds that includes starches and sugars 11. _____ fluid which breaks down fats in the small intestine 12. _____ fingerlike projections that increase surface area of the small intestine PART 2 Checking Comprehension Read the following sentences and circle the letters of the words that best fill each blank. The human digestive system is a group of organs that break down food into _____1_____ to be used as fuel by the body. Digestive juices, which are mostly _____2_____ , speed up this breakdown. Carbohydrates are changed into _____3_____ , fats are digested into _____4_____ , and proteins are broken down into _____5_____ and amino acids. Digestion begins in the mouth, where food is ground into smaller particles, and an enzyme breaks down some of the _____6_____. In the stomach, _____7_____ such as hydrochloric The Human Digestive System 1 acid begin the breakdown of protein. Fats and starches move on to the _____8_____, where most of the digestive process takes place. Fluid secreted by the _____9_____ and _____10____ , which is made in the liver, help digest fat. Enzymes secreted by glands in the walls of the small intestine continue to break down _____11____. Capillaries and lymph vessels in the _____12____ absorb the digested food and carry it to the body. Vocabulary Molecules Peptides Small intestine Bile PART 3 enzymes starches villi pancreas simple sugars fatty acid and glycerol starches and proteins gastric juices Multiple Choice Check the correct answer to each question. 1. How does saliva digest food? ❑ by breaking down starches ❑ by using bile to break down sugars ❑ by breaking down proteins ❑ by using peptides to break down fat 2. The first segment of the small intestine is called the: ❑ villus ❑ colon ❑ duodenum ❑ illeum 3. The volume of the human stomach is approximately: ❑ one liter ❑ one-half of a liter ❑ two liters ❑ four liters 4. What are the walls of the stomach lined with? ❑ blood vessels and bile ducts ❑ villi and mucus membranes ❑ blood vessels and intestinal glands ❑ lymph vessels and villi 5. Enzymes in the gastric juices break proteins down into: The Human Digestive System 2 ❑ lipids ❑ amylase ❑ amino acids ❑ simple sugars 6. What type of food begins the digestion process in the small intestine? ❑ starches ❑ sugars ❑ proteins ❑ fats 7. What happens in the duodenum? ❑ food is mixed with pancreatic juice and bile ❑ vitamins and minerals are absorbed ❑ food is crushed by strong muscles and mixed with digestive juices ❑ a large amount of water is absorbed from the food 8. What are the functions of the intestinal juices? ❑ to continue breaking down starches and proteins ❑ to begin breaking down fats ❑ to begin breaking down starches and proteins ❑ to break down vitamins and minerals 9. Where do amino acids and glucose go after being absorbed by the villi? ❑ to the gallbladder ❑ to the large intestine ❑ to the liver ❑ to the lymph vessels 10. Blood vessels in the large intestine absorb: ❑ protein ❑ minerals and water ❑ bile ❑ starches ---- Good Luck ---- The Human Digestive System 3