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How might it help people who work with drug endangered children to have a thorough understanding of how and why some people get addicted to drugs? Please explain your answer: _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ For the drug using parent, drug abuse leads to more undesirable consequences. Interesting side note In the eyes of the drug using parent do you believe drug abuse leads to more consequences? Why do you think this is? _____________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ So…Why do they do it?? Why don’t they just quit?? Biological Psychological Social Let’s start with models of OPERANT CONDITIONING. “Behavior is a function of the outcome it creates.” Reinforcing Punishing Properties of Substance Abuse AbuseLeading Leadingto toAddiction Addiction Receive Pleasant Noxious or Unpleasant Take Away Drugs turn on: Positive • rush of pleasure Reinforcement • sense of euphoria Drugs turn off: Negative • family support Punishment • freedom • sense of competency • jobs • sober friends Drugs turn on: • legalPositive problems Punishment • health problems Drugs turn off: Negative • cravings • fatigue Reinforcement • jail • depression Does punishment (positive or negative) seem to work in terms of decreasing the frequency of drug abuse? Why?? Behavior is not just a function of the outcome it creates… …Behavior is a function of the EXPECTED outcome! 1. Invincibility fallacies The false belief that while bad things happen to other people, they won’t happen to oneself 2. Probability of the outcome Unwanted or unpleasant consequences don’t happen EVERYTIME someone abuses drugs 3. Timing of the desirable and the undesirable outcomes If undesirable consequences do happen, they always happen LATER! 4. Focus of the expectations High Distal Effects (Undesirable): Proximal Effects (Desirable): • Positive Reinforcers • Rush of pleasure • Sense of euphoria • Sense of power and competence • Negative Reinforcers • Diminished craving • Relieve depression • Relief from fatigue Low Passage of Time • Paranoia/mistrust • Agitation • Violent behavior • Psychosis • Cognitive decompensation • Memory impairment • Concentration difficulties • Inability to focus • Compulsive behaviors Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Neutral Stimulus Unconditioned Response (UCR) Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Conditioned Response (CR) =? Conditioned Response (CR) Unconditioned Response (UCR) = Conditioned Response (CR) Unconditioned Response (UCR) Joyful Activity Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Neutral Stimulus Unconditioned Response (UCR) Conditioned Response (CR) Joyful Activity Conditioned Response (CR) ? = Unconditioned Response (UCR) Involves three things: Theory Practice Tools Example of a mechanic THEORY What is the chemical? What are its unique biological, psychological and social properties? What does that suggest for treatment? What are the things that have to change for someone to stop using the drug and live a sober lifestyle? PRACTICE Okay…so what do we do?? What works? How do we know what works? Evidence based practices The conundrum of evidence based practices The Structure (What makes treatment possible) Accountability Incremental and immediate sanctions and rewards The Treatment (Those things that have to change for someone to stop using and to stay sober) Use monitoring Daily planning Retention plan Psychological Change expectations about drugs Biological Establish regular sleep patterns Eat healthy Be active Change expectations about sobriety Social Stop hanging out with other Learn to feel natural pleasure users Learn to cope without using Develop a sober social support group www.greenwood.com 800-225-5800 Nicolas Taylor, Ph.D., CAC III 242 West Main Street, #9 Montrose, CO 81401 (970) 249-4448 (970) 249-4449 Fax [email protected] © 2010
