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1. Learning Factual Answers
For her science project, Dawn is doing an experiment using classical
conditioning. She has chosen to condition the reflexive behavior of sneezing to
black pepper. The neutral stimulus she will be using is a picture of her science
teacher. She plans on conditioning some classmates to sneeze when she shows
them a picture of the science teacher. The sneezing to black pepper is the
________ response, whereas the picture of the science teacher is the ________
stimulus.
conditioned; conditioned
conditioned; unconditioned
unconditioned; conditioned
Correct
unconditioned; unconditioned
2. No answer submitted
3. The tendency to respond in a like manner to stimuli that resemble a
conditioned stimulus is called
higher-order conditioning.
prepared conditioning.
stimulus discrimination.
stimulus generalization.
Correct
4. No answer submitted
5. The learned ability to distinguish between the conditioned stimulus and
stimuli that are similar to it is called
higher-order conditioning.
prepared conditioning.
stimulus generalization.
stimulus discrimination.
Correct
6. No answer submitted
7. What is the conditioned stimulus in Watson's experiment with "Little
Albert"?
The fear of the white rat
The fear of the loud sound of the bar being
struck
The loud sound of the bar being struck
The white rat
Correct
8. No answer submitted
9. In his experiments with taste aversions, John Garcia discovered what about
classical conditioning?
That it can take place even if the US does not
immediately follow the CS
Correct
That it is even more effective when used with
humans than with lower animals
That in order for it to take place, there must be
many pairings of the CS and the US
That, in certain circumstances, it is
advantageous if the US precedes the CS
10. No answer submitted
11. A stimulus that signals that reinforcement is available if a subject makes a
particular response is a
discriminative stimulus.
Correct
positive reinforcer.
primary reinforcer.
negative reinforcer.
12. No answer submitted
13. Does either negative reinforcement or punishment strengthen a response?
Both do.
Neither one does.
Only negative reinforcement does.
Correct
Only punishment does.
14. No answer submitted
15. Piecework, getting paid the same price per each item that is produced, is the
classical example of what type of reinforcement schedule?
Fixed interval
Fixed ratio
Correct
Variable interval
Variable ratio
16. No answer submitted
17. The two basic requirements for classical conditioning are a neutral stimulus
and what type of behavior?
Learned behavior
Instrumental behavior
Operant behavior
Reflex behavior
Correct
18. No answer submitted
19. What is the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's experiment?
The meat powder
Correct
The sound of the tone
Salivating to the meat powder
Salivating to the sound of the tone
20. No answer submitted
21. After conditioning a dog to salivate to the sound of the tone, Pavlov stopped
giving the dog the meat powder. As a result, the dog
gradually stopped responding to the sound of
the tone.
Correct
immediately stopped salivating to the sound of
the tone.
no longer salivated either to the meat, or to the
sound of the tone.
now salivated exclusively to the sound of the
tone.
22. No answer submitted
23. The reappearance of a conditioned response after it had been extinguished
and without further pairings of the conditioned stimulus with the
unconditioned stimulus is called
Reconditioning.
Spontaneous recovery.
Correct
stimulus discrimination.
stimulus generalization.
24. No answer submitted
25. Thorndike discovered that an animal would repeat a behavior in the
presence of a stimulus, if that behavior was rewarded in the past. This
describes
prepared conditioning.
negative reinforcement.
shaping.
the Law of Effect.
Correct
26. No answer submitted
27. In the shaping procedure, behavior is reinforced
at every step along the way to a target
behavior.
Correct
only if it is repeated.
haphazardly.
only when a target behavior is displayed.
28. No answer submitted
29. Because their teacher gives pop quizzes on a fixed interval schedule, the
students can expect to have a quiz after
a certain amount of material has been covered.
a certain amount of time has passed.
Correct
differing amounts of material have been
covered.
differing amounts of time have passed.
30. No answer submitted
31. When responses are reinforced after a varying amount of time, the schedule
of reinforcement is called
fixed interval.
fixed ratio.
variable interval.
Correct
variable ratio.
32. No answer submitted
33. When Tolman's rats successfully ran the maze to retrieve food, he concluded
that their behavior could be explained by latent learning and
classical conditioning.
cognitive maps.
Correct
insight.
observational learning.
34. No answer submitted
35. Köhler attributed his chimps' problem solving behavior to
cognitive maps.
insight.
Correct
observational learning.
trial and error
36. No answer submitted
1. Han moves into a new apartment. Soon, afterward, he is taking a shower when he hears his son flush the
toilet and the water suddenly becomes extremely hot, causing Han to jump. After a few flushings during his
showers, Han notices a change in his behavior; He jumps and experiences fear whenever he hears a toilet
flushing. For Han, the flushing of a toilet has become
A. an unconditioned stimulus. (UCS)
Correct
B. a conditioned stimulus. (CS)
C. an unconditioned response. (UCR)
D. a conditioned response (CR).
No Answer Submitted
2. Han moves into a new apartment. Soon afterward, he is taking a shower when he hears his son flush the
toilet and the water suddenly becomes extremely hot, causing Han to jump. After a few flushings during his
showers, Han notices a change in his behavior: He jumps and experiences fear whenever he hears a toilet
flushing. The fear Han experiences when he hears a toilet flush is
A. an unconditioned stimulus (UCS).
B. a conditioned stimulus (CS).
C. an unconditioned response (UCR).
Correct
D. a conditioned response (CR).
No Answer Submitted
3. Every time, little Clara blows air into her pet rabbit's face, he blinks. Soon, Clara starts to giggle right
before blowing into his face. After a while, the rabbit blinks as soon as Clara starts to giggle before she has
a chance to blow. In this example of classical conditioning, the rabbit's blinking to the puff of air is the
A. conditioned response (CR)
Correct
B. unconditioned response (UCR)
C. conditioned stimulus (CS)
D. unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
No Answer Submitted
4. Han moves into a new apartment. Soon afterward, he is taking a shower when he hears his son flush the
toilet and the water suddenly becomes extremely hot, causing Han to jump. After a few flushings during his
showers, Han notices a change in his behavior: He jumps and experiences fear whenever he hears a toilet
flushing. He decides to ask his son not to flush the toilet when he is showering but to flush the toilet as many
times a day as possible when he is not showering. Which procedure is Han attempting to perform on
himself?
A. Reconditioning
B. Stimulus generalization
Correct
C. Extinction
D. Stimulus discrimination
No Answer Submitted
5. Han moves into a new apartment. Soon afterward, he is taking a shower when he hears his son flush the
toilet and the water suddenly becomes extremely hot, causing him to jump. After a few flushings during his
showers, Han notices a change in his behavior: He jumps and experiences fear whenever he hears a toilet
flushing. Not only that, but he also experiences fear when he hears any water running through pipes. This
latter fear is most consistent with the learning principle known as
A. spontaneous recovery.
Correct
B. stimulus generalization.
C. reconditioning.
D. stimulus discrimination.
No Answer Submitted
6. Little Erica loves to eat strawberries, cherries, red plums, and watermelon. In fact, for a while, she thought
that all red things taste delicious. Then, one day, her brother gave her a red chili pepper and she promptly
popped it in her mouth. After that, she was more careful about which red things she ate. Erica's new
wariness is indicative of which conditioning principle?
A. Reconditioning.
B. Spontaneous recovery.
Correct
C. Stimulus discrimination.
D. Stimulus generalization.
No Answer Submitted
7. When Jackie asked a question in class, the instructor told her it was a great question and made her feel
good about herself. Since then, Jackie has asked many more questions in class. Jackie's experience is an
example of
A. classical conditioning.
B. vicarious learning.
C. Insight.
Correct
D. the law of effect.
No Answer Submitted
8. Because Theo is lactose intolerant, he can become ill if he eats dairy products. Therefore, before he eats
any dairy products, he takes medicine to prevent the illness. Taking the medicine before eating is an
example of
A. classical conditioning.
B. escape learning.
Correct
C. avoidance learning.
D. latent learning.
No Answer Submitted
9. Children are often aware of which conditions are more favorable and which are less favorable to asking
parents for an advance on their allowance. Psychologists call these conditions
Correct A. discriminative stimuli.
B. primary reinforcers.
C. secondary reinforcers.
D. conditioned stimuli.
No Answer Submitted
10. Anna wanted to train her dog. Alex, to give a "high five." At first, she gave Alex a treat just for raising his
paw. As the training progressed, she required Alex to raise his paw and slap her hand to get the treat. By
the end of the training, Alex would sit up on his hind legs and slap Anna's hand when she raised it. Alex's
training is an example of
A. observational learning.
B. classical conditioning.
C. vicarious learning.
Correct
D. shaping.
No Answer Submitted
11. Anika receives an allowance from her parents. Because she has learned that she can exchange the
money for candy, toys and other treats, her allowance is a
A. primary reinforcer.
B. negative reinforcer.
Correct
C. secondary reinforcer.
D. unconditioned stimulus.
No Answer Submitted
12. Theodore does not like to take out the garbage. His parents, on the other hand, want him to take out the
garbage every day. In order to get him to do so, they begin giving him five dollars after he has taken out the
garbage once a day. After a while, this schedule of reinforcement has Theodore taking the garbage out
every day. Which type of schedule is it?
Correct A. Fixed interval
B. Variable ratio
C. Fixed ratio
D. Variable interval
No Answer Submitted
13. Joshua's mother decided to use positive reinforcement to get Joshua to clean up his room. So, she
checked the room every Friday evening and if it was neat, Joshua received a dollar. As a result Joshua only
cleaned his room on Friday mornings. The rest of the week, it was a mess. Without substantially increasing
the reward, or having to keep tabs on how many times he's cleaned his room since it was last inspected,
how could Joshua's mother get him to keep his room clean more often?
A. By using a fixed-interval schedule
B. By using a fixed-ratio schedule
Correct
C. By using a variable-interval schedule
D. By using a variable-ratio schedule
No Answer Submitted
14. Ihab knew he needed to study for his exam. He decided that he would make a tape containing all the
important information and listen to it while he slept. Unfortunately, Ihab flunked the exam. When he got his
test back, he said, "That's the last time I use a tape recorder to help me study!" Ihab's remark indicates that
he experienced what behaviorists call
A. classical conditioning.
B. positive reinforcement.
C. negative reinforcement.
Correct
D. punishment.
No Answer Submitted
15. The power was out late last night when Eduardo got home. Even though he couldn't see very well, he
was able to move around his apartment without much difficulty because he had
A. a conditioned stimulus.
Correct
B. a cognitive map.
C. an unconditioned stimulus.
D. a secondary reinforcer.
No Answer Submitted
16. Recently, a suggestion box appeared at work. The only person who filled out one of the cards to make a
suggestion was Doris. A couple of days later, the boss came into the office, told Doris that he was pleased
that she had made a suggestion, and handed her a check for $100. The next day, the suggestion box was
full. Which of the following learning principles best explains why the suggestion box filled so quickly?
A. Classical conditioning
B. Insight learning
C. The law of effect
Correct
D. Vicarious learning
No Answer Submitted
17.
Whenever Rosa comes anywhere near cigarette smoke she starts to cough.
Rosa's Uncle Joe, a smoker, came to visit. Rosa was coughing throughout the first day of his visit. The next
day, Uncle Joe decided not to smoke in the house anymore. However, when he came down to breakfast, as
soon as Rosa saw him, she had a coughing fit. Rosa had undergone classical conditioning. What was the
unconditioned stimulus?
A. Coughing at the sight of Uncle Joe
B. Uncle Joe
C. Coughing in the presence of cigarette smoke
Correct
D. Cigarette smoke
No Answer Submitted
18. Rita works in an animal hospital. Every Friday she gets paid a salary of $200. She gets the same
amount of money regardless of how many animals she had to assist the veterinarian with during the week.
Rita is paid on what schedule of reinforcement?
Correct A. Fixed interval
B. Fixed ratio
C. Variable interval
D. Variable ratio
No Answer Submitted