Download Life-Span Changes

Heart Diagram Quiz
• Have a red and blue writing utensil
• Clear desk
Aorta
Superior Vena
Cava
R. Pulmonary
Artery
R. Pulmonary
Veins
R. Atrium
L. Pulmonary
Artery
L. Pulmonary
Veins
Pulmonary
Valve
L. Atrium
Bicuspid
Tricuspid
R. Ventricle
Inferior Vena Cava
Aortic Valve
L. Ventricle
Descending Aorta
Sponge: Set up Cornell
Notes on pg. 93
Topic:
15.5 Cardiovascular
Disorders
Essential Questions:
No EQ 
15.5 Cardiovascular Disorders
2.1 Atoms, Ions,
and Molecules
Body Story: The Beast Within (25mins) Pg. 92
1. The growth inside John’s artery is mostly made up of
what?
2. How does plaque build-up affect John’s blood flow?
3. What is the function of the pacemaker?
4. What happens when the plaque’s membrane is ripped
open?
5. What are the first symptom’s John feels during his attack?
6. What happens to John’s body within the first 5 mins?
7. The first 15 mins?
8. How does the lack of O2 affect John and his heart cells?
9. What does the drug TPA do for John?
10.When John undergoes VF what happens? What are the
consequences?
1. The growth inside John’s artery is mostly made up of what?
Cholesterol
2. How does plaque build-up affect John’s blood flow?
Slows it down
3. What is the function of the pacemaker?
Generates electrical impulses which ensure its regular beat
4. What happens when the plaque’s membrane is ripped open?
Blood cells attach to the plaque causing a clot
5. What are the first symptom’s John feels during his attack?
Feels like indigestion, pain in left arm and middle of chest
6. What happens to John’s body within the first 5 mins?
Adrenaline is released, heart rate increases, some heart muscles stop beating
7. The first 15 mins?
Heart cell membranes begin to leak, beat gets weaker, he struggles to breathe, lungs
fill with fluid
8. How does the lack of O2 affect John and his heart cells?
He feels dizzy, disorientated, Heart cells burst and begin to die
9.What does the drug TPA do for John?
“Clot busting” drug- breaks up the clot- clears the artery
10. When John undergoes VF what happens? What are the consequences?
Some heart cells do not beat with the rest of the heart. This causes it to quiver vs. beat.
No oxygen will make its way to the brain
Diagnosing Cardiovascular Disorders:
• Begins with patient history and a physical examination
Common symptoms:
• Tightness in chest
• Burning pain (worsened by coughing)
• Difficulty breathing
• Weakness
• Lightheadedness
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Hypertension aka High Blood Pressure: persistently elevated
arterial blood pressure
• One of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system
Causes:
• Narrowed vessels
• High sodium intake
• Obesity
• Psychological stress
• Called the “silent killer” because it may not have direct symptoms, and sets
the stage for serious cardiovascular complications
• May cause atherosclerosis as arteries accumulate plaque leading to a
coronary thrombosis or embolism
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Hypertension
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=diG519d
FVNs
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Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) aka Stroke:
• A blockage of blood flow to the brain that deprives the brain
of oxygen
• Usually caused by a cerebral thrombosis (blood clot that
inhibits the flow of blood), embolism (blockage of blood or
fat), or hemorrhage
•
•
•
•
•
•
Paralysis
Vision loss
Speech impediment
Falling
Blindness
Death
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Stroke
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcmrgw
NCPwM
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Arrhythmia: Any disturbance of the normal heart rhythm
Symptoms:
• Palpitations (awareness of the heartbeat)
• Dizziness and syncope (fainting)
Treatment:
• Drugs (most common treatment)
• Pacemaker
Factors:
• Exercise
• Alcohol
• Caffeine
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a condition in which there is
uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of the ventricles in
the heart, making them quiver rather than contract properly
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Myocardial Infarction (heart attack):
• Caused by a prolonged deficiency of blood flow to the cardiac
muscle
• Occurs because platelets accumulate on plaque forming a blood
clot
• If half or more of the artery is blocked, blood flow may be
inadequate
• The myocardium can tolerate up to 20 mins of oxygen loss before
death of heart tissue begins
Symptoms:
• Pain in chest/neck/jaw/left arm/back/shoulder
• Sweating
• Pale skin
• Cyanosis (blue skin)
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Myocardial Infarction
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLmKq
5bQOg0
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Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) Reading and Case
Study
1. Why does an MI occur?
2. Does the heart have the ability to repair itself?
a. What is this repair called? What basically happens?
3. What are the early symptoms of an MI?
4. What is the survival rate of a person with MI?
5. What is the main cause of death for a person who has suffered an MI?
6. What are the first signs Paul notices?
7. What risk factors predispose Paul to a myocardial infarction? (4 things)
8. Explain why Paul is given an aspirin to chew on the way to the hospital.
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Life-Span Changes
• cholesterol deposition in blood vessels
• heart enlargement
• death of cardiac muscle cells
• increase in fibrous connective tissue of the heart
• increase in adipose tissue of the heart
• increase in blood pressure
• decrease in resting heart rate
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Blue Baby Syndrome:
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Heart Transplants: the recipient’s failing heart is removed, except
for the posterior walls of the right and left atria and their connections
to the vena cava and pulmonary veins
• New heart is attached to the atrial cuffs remaining
• Recipients aorta and pulmonary arteries are connected to donor
heart
Issues:
• Donor hearts are scarce
• Left ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) can help maintain cardiac
function long enough for a heart to become available (hopefully)
Other options:
• Artificial Heart: replaces the ventricles
• Stem cells
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Something the Lord Made
Alfred Blalock (1899-1964), a cardiologist, leaves Vanderbilt for Johns Hopkins
taking with him his lab technician, Vivien Thomas (1910-1985). Thomas, an
African-American without a college degree, is a gifted mechanic and tool-maker
with hands splendidly adept at surgery. In 1941, Blalock and Thomas take on
the challenge of blue babies and invent bypass surgery. After trials on dogs, their
first patient is baby Eileen, sure to die without the surgery. In defiance of custom
and Jim Crow, Blalock brings Thomas into the surgery to advise him, but when
Life Magazine and kudos come, Thomas is excluded. Will he receive his due?
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