Download Ancha Srinivasan_ADB`s Support to Climate Action in Southeast Asia

ADB's Support to Climate
Action in Southeast Asia:
Progress and Prospects
Ancha Srinivasan, Ph.D.
Southeast Asia Regional Department (SERD), ADB
Outline
 Vulnerability
 GHG
Emission Profiles
 Goals and Guiding Principles
 Priorities and Modalities
 Representative Programs/Projects
 Future Prospects
Current Vulnerability of Southeast Asia
to Climate Change
Source: EEPSEA, 2009
Climate Change Vulnerability
Profile of Southeast Asia

One of the world’s most vulnerable regions
Geographic exposure: tropical climate, long
coastlines, steep slopes, islands, deltas, coastal
regions
High concentration of population (~75%) and
economic activity in coastal areas
Heavy reliance on climate-sensitive sectors –
agriculture, water, energy (hydro), tourism
Low adaptive capacity (Millions trapped in poverty)
Impacts on the Energy Sector



Higher capital expenditures for supply infrastructure
Project execution delays
Growth constraints (water permits) (The majority of existing
and new power generating capacity for publicly listed companies in
Southeast Asia are located in water-stressed areas)
Percentage of Total Power Capacity by 2013
Source: WRI, 2010
Impacts on Energy Sector
(selected examples)






Manila 2002 – Critically low reservoir levels in Angat dam
Thailand 2004 – Reduced power generation in all major
hydroelectric dams
Viet Nam 2005 – 40% drop in power production at 11
hydroelectric plants
Philippines 2007 – Caliriya hydropower plant shut down
due to prolong dry spell during rainy season
Hanoi, 2008 – EVN Viet Nam lost $380 M from buying 24
billion kWh from other sources
O Mon IV Thermal Power Plant in Viet Nam: Estimated
loss in power output of approximately 827.5 GW due to
projected increases in air and water temperature over
the period 2015–2040.
Vulnerability & Climate Proofing
Sub-regional GHG Profile






GHG emissions rising twice as fast as the global
average
Land-use and forestry sector contributed 75% of
the regional total, energy 15%, and agriculture 8%
Forestry sector has the greatest potential for
reducing the global emissions (about 40% for
2000-2050)
The region also has the largest technical mitigation
potential in agriculture
“Win-win” options in the energy sector have the
potential to mitigate 475 MtCO2 each year by
2020 (40% of BAU energy-related CO2 emissions)
Fuel switching, renewables and CCS can mitigate
another 40% at a cost less than 1% of GDP
Carbon dioxide emissions by sub-region
in Asia (1990-2035)
Increasing Coal Use in SE Asia
(>400 plants outside China and India)
Source: Koplitz et al. 2015
Goal and Guiding Principles

Goal: Support climate action in Southeast Asia
by mainstreaming climate change and disaster
risk reduction in our operations to
◦
◦

reduce carbon footprint &
enhance climate and disaster resilience
Guiding Principles:
1. Recognition of CC as a developmental challenge
2. Focus on Integrated solutions (Mitigation &
Adaptation; Mitigation & Land Use Planning;
Adaptation & Disaster Risk Reduction)
3. Catalyst to transitional & transformational changes
4. Holistic view of adaptation and resilience
5. Programmatic approaches
Climate Change Support
Priorities & Modalities
Modalities
Finance
Knowledge Partnerships
Priorities
Scaling-up Clean Energy
Encouraging Sustainable Transport and Urban Development
Managing Land Use and Forests for Carbon Sequestration
Promoting Climate-resilient Development
Strengthening Policies, Governance and Capacity
ADB’s support in
strengthening disaster resilience
Indonesia: Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap 2010;
RPJM (2015-2019); RPJPN (2005-2025)
National Action Plan on Climate Change 2009
Strengthening adaptation information system by 2015 and climate-proofing by 2020;
Refining GHG inventory and reducing GHG by 26 to 41% by 2020 below BAU
Promoting renewable energy sources and facilitating low-carbon development
A low-carbon climate risk-resilient Indonesia that proactively implements
cost-effective and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation & Adaptation Actions
ADB Pipeline
Low Carbon
Planning
CC Priorities
Geothermal Energy
Hydropower
FIP
development
Heart of Borneo
CCS
Small scale RE
Financing EE
Policy support,
Governance &
Capacity Building
Scaling up
Clean Energy
Forestry &
land use
Water (Citarum,
disaster reduction,
flood control); CTI,
CoreMap
UrbanWaste
Management,
Roads
Water Resources Dev
Urban Dev &
Transport
ADB Strategy 2020 Core Area 2: Environment inc. Climate Change
Programmatic CC Support

Clean Energy: Indonesia Sustainable and Inclusive
Energy Program ($400 M from ADB + $950M from
others) with three pillars:
◦ (i) improved sector governance; (ii) enabled markets for
private participation; and (iii) improved regulatory
environment for increased access to clean energy and
energy efficiency

Climate-Friendly Urban Development :
Viet Nam Green Cities Program ($176 M)

Land Use and Forest Management: Lao PDR Forest
Investment Program ($35 M)

Adaptation: Cambodia Pilot Program for Climate
Resilience ($555 M)
Clean Energy (Energy Efficiency)
Project
Predominant
Technology/
Intervention
Philippines: Energy-Efficiency
Project (Loan 2507)
Indonesia: Energy efficiency
Financing Eximbank
Indonesia: West Kalimantan Power
Grid Strengthening Project
Viet Nam: Hanoi & Ho Chi Minh City
Power Grid Development Sector
Project
Viet Nam: O Mon 4 Combined Cycle
Power Plant Project
Demand-side EE
Thailand: Nong Saeng and
Ayudhaya Natural Gas Power
Projects
Myanmar: Power Transmission
Improvement Project
Demand-side EE
Estimated
Investment
Emissions
(US$
Reduction
Million)
(t CO2 eq)
173,789
31.1
920
35.0
Transmission &
distribution EE
Supply-side EE
400,000
85.0
460,000
272.7
Supply-side EE
18,000
140.0
Supply-side EE
-----
87.0
Transmission &
distribution EE
31,990
80.0
Clean Energy (Renewable Energy)
Project
Predominant
Technology/
Intervention
Thailand: Provincial Solar Power Project Solar power (38 MW)
Estimated
Investment
Emissions
(US$
Reduction
Million)
(t CO2 eq)
960,000
12.6
1,707,500
35.0
Central Thailand Solar Power Project
Solar power (57 MW)
Thailand: Theppana Wind Power
Project
Thailand: Subyai Wind Power Project
Wind energy (7.5 MW)
270,000
4.0
Wind power (105 MW)
1,625,000
30.0
Thailand: North Eastern Wind
Wind power (75 MW)
VIETNAM: Renewable energy for
Remote Communes Sector project
VIETNAM: Low Carbon Agricultural
Support Project
Indonesia: Sarulla Geothermal Power
Generation Project
Indonesia: Rantau Dedap Geothermal
Development Project Phase 1
Cambodia: Rural Renewable Energy
Project
18.9
5,550,000
60,000
154.0
2,250
48.7
Geothermal (320 MW)
26,000
80.0
Geothermal (240 MW)
34,000
50.0
4,400
6.1
Mini-hydro; T&D;
Biogas plants
Bioenergy, Solar
Sustainable Transport & Urban Development
Project
Predominant
Technology/
Intervention
Estimated
Investment
Emissions
(US$
Reduction
Million)
(t CO2 eq.)
2,700,000
405.0
Philippines (PHI): EnergyEfficient Electric Vehicles
Viet Nam: Hanoi Metro Line
System-Line 3
Demand-side EE
Demand-side EE
663,000
296.0
Viet Nam: Ho Chi Minh City
Urban Mass Rapid Transit Line 2
Investment Program - Tranche 2
Viet Nam: Water Supply Sector
Investment Program PFR 1 - Ho
Chi Minh City Water Supply
Demand-side EE
586,500
50.0
945,000
138.0
--
77.0
Energy efficient
variable frequency
drive pumps, EE
air-conditioning
system
Lao PDR: Vientiane sustainable Demand-side EE
urban transport project
Land Use and Forest Management
Project
Indonesia: Community-focused
investments to address deforestation and
forest degradation
Lao PDR: Forest Investment Program
Cambodia: Forest Investment Program
Philippines: Integrated Natural
Resources and Environmental
Management Project
Viet Nam: Forests for Livelihood
Improvements in Central Highlands
GMS: Biodiversity Conservation
Corridors (BCC) Project
Estimated
Emissions
Reduction
(t CO2 eq)
Investment
(US$ Million)
3,100,000
17.5
1,100,000
-
13.3
124.0
-
90.7
-
92.0
Adaptation & Resilience
Project
Cambodia:
Climate Resilient Agriculture and Biodiversity Project
Climate Resilient Rice Commercialization Project
Spice Value Chain Development Project
Climate-friendly Agribusiness Value Chains Project
Flood and Drought Management Project
Provincial roads improvement Project
Rural Roads Improvement Project
Southern economic corridor towns Project
Urban infra in Pursat and Kampong Chnaang
LAO: Flood and Drought Management Project
Climate-friendly Agribusiness Value Chains Project
Indonesia: Flood Management in River Basins
Water supply and sanitation
Viet Nam:
Secondary cities development program (Green Cities)
Urban Environment and Climate Change Adaptation
Rural infra in northern mountainous provinces
Central Mekong Delta Connectivity Project
Flood and Drought Management Project
Myanmar: Climate-friendly agribusiness value chains project
Investment
(US$ Million)
555.0
108.0
176.0
104.0
860.0
Central Mekong Delta Region
Connectivity Project
Project Scope:
1. Two cable stayed bridges to replace
current ferry services
2. 26-km associated highway link between
the two bridges
Climate Risks:
1. Delta prone to inundation during
seasonal cyclones and monsoons
2. Hydro-climatic conditions changing due
to sea level rise, increases in
precipitation, stronger cyclones, and
changes in monsoon regimes.
Assessment result:
• Embankments raised to ensure the
continued performance of the project
• Incremental cost: $4.5 million (1.6% of
the total cost of approach roads and
connecting road)
Institutions, Policy & Capacity Building
Project
Cambodia: Mainstreaming resilience into development planning
US$
Million
11.0
CAM: Capacity strengthening for adaptation of Water Resources Sector
3.7
Lao PDR : Capacity enhancement for coping with climate change
3.1
Indonesia (INO): Integrating climate change concerns in Citarum river
basin management
INO: Heart of Borneo Initiative for sustainable forest management
2.6
INO: Adaptation planning capacity improvement
0.7
INO: Water resources and climate change
2.0
Philippines: Climate resilience and green growth in critical watersheds
2.2
GMS Core Environment Program – Climate Change Support
4.8
GMS Core Agricultural Support Program – Climate change support
5.0
GMS Capacity Building for Utilization of Biomass for Bioenergy
4.0
GMS Climate Change and Health project
4.5
RETA 7645: Strengthening Planning Capacity for Low Carbon Growth in
Developing Asia
1.0
4.5
Future Prospects
Enhanced policy and capacity building support
to INDC/NDCs
 Doubling of climate finance & enhancing access
to GCF
 Increased attention to adaptation and DRR
 Selective support on forest and land use
 Continued support to climate smart
infrastructure (sustainable transport & green
cities)
 Acceleration of support to clean energy

◦ Low carbon technology deployment
◦ RE/EE financing

Effective monitoring and evaluation of CC/DRR
investments
Thank You!
Contact: [email protected]