Download FW: compound sentences The Compound Sentence The

FW: compound sentences
The Compound Sentence
The Compound Sentence contains two or more main or independent clauses.
 Main clauses can be separated by a period (.).
A period indicates a complete stop.
Example: In Hawaii, a baby's first birthday is traditionally celebrated with the Baby Luau.
This special occasion is accompanied by many time-honored rituals.
The Semicolon
The semicolon is used to connect main clauses.

The semicolon (;) indicates a complete stop.
 It can be used to join main clauses that are closely related in content.
Example: The first born child is called hiapo; in the past, a male hiapo was raised by his
grandparents; he was referred to as punahele or chosen; over the course of time, he would
be responsible for preserving the family's history by memorizing genealogy charts. The
semicolon has a secondary function.
 The semicolon (;) is used to separate multiple items in a series.
It is used when items with commas make it hard to see where one item stops and
another begins.
Example: In Korean families, certain items were set on a table in front of the birthday child
with the intention of allowing him or her to choose a future path from among things like rice,
indicating that there would always be food on the table; noodles which were meant to insure
a long life; dried red dates, placed on a dish, that expressed a silent wish for that baby to
grow up to bear many children in the future, and a silver dollar to stake a claim on a life of
wealth.

The Colon
The colon is used to begin or end a series of related ideas.

The colon (:) indicates a complete stop.
 A series using a colon must be preceded or followed by a main clause.
Examples: Other objects placed before the child indicated possible career choices to be
followed: selecting a book meant becoming a scholar; picking up a pencil pointed to a career
as a writer; grasping a paint brush indicated a desire to become an artist.
 In the preceding example, the colon (:) at the end of the main clause signals the start of
a series.
 Semicolons (;) separate the main clause items in that series.
Once again, a series using a colon must be preceded or followed by a main clause.
Examples:
Wrong:
At a birthday celebration for a girl, objects with symbolic associations might include: a doll to
indicate the likelihood of her becoming a good mother or a needle and thread to forecast her
future role as a talented seamstress.
Right:
On the other hand, a boy would be presented with items such as these to choose from: a
hammer meant a future as a carpenter, and a miniature shovel spoke of an interest in
farming.
Coordinate Connectives

Here is a list of coordinate connectives.

They should be memorized.
for and nor but or

yet so
As presented, the first letter of each coordinate connective spells out the words - fan
boys.
 for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so should aid you in memorizing these terms.
 Use for to indicate a reason for doing something.
 Use and to indicate a continuation of thought.
 Use nor to indicate a double negative meaning not this one and not that one.
 Use but to indicate a contrast.
 Use or to indicate an alternative.
 Use yet to indicate a contrast.
 Use so to indicate a result.
Primary Functions: The primary function of coordinate connectives is to join main clauses
of equal weight and value.
 Main clauses can be linked together with a comma and a coordinate connective.
Because the written language follows the spoken one, a comma (pause) plus the
coordinate connective is used to join main clauses.
 The coordinate connective is also used to prevent run-on sentences.
Example: Placing symbolic gifts in front of a child to choose from and reading meaning into
the first item touched is not all that unusual, for on the Mainland, it was customary to place a
slice of bread, a coin, and a Bible in front of a small child to see if health, wealth, or wisdom
would be dominant in that young person's future. If the coordinate connective nor is used to

join two main clauses, the second main clause will always have inverted word order, and the
verb will come before the subject.
Example:
Foods like hard boiled eggs tinted red and served with sweet pickled ginger as a symbol of
new birth, dried aku or tuna, and salted lomi salmon prepared with tomatoes and onions
were never in short supply, nor was there a shortage of tables, decorated with ti leaves and
flowers, to display colorful foods to their best advantage.
Secondary Functions:
Coordinate connectives are used to join items in a series.

If the items in the series are short, simple words or phrases, only commas (pauses) and
a coordinate connective are needed to separate them.
 Current standard usage calls for a comma after the item before last in a series.
Example: A pua'a or kalua pig was quite often the focal point of the edible feast after it had
been killed, roasted in an underground oven or imu, and served up to invited guests. The
coordinate and, which links equals, may be used in place of commas to separate related
items in a series.
Example:
Gifts for the one-year-old guest of honor traditionally include items of clothing and toys
wrapped in red paper and money placed inside a red envelope to convey good luck and best
wishes to the birthday child.
Coordinate connectives are used to join words of equal weight and value.
Example:
Newly composed songs and chants and a wide selection of "ono-licious" foods made the Baby
Luau a memorable event and created a desire on the part of the guests to savor the chance
to "talk story" with friends and relatives on such a happy occasion.

The words songs, chants, and selection are subjects of equal importance in the main
clause.
The words made and created are verbs of equal importance in the main clause.
When slang expressions like "ono-licious" and "talk story" are used in place of regular
terms such as tasty and chatting, they are placed in quotes to indicate to the reader that
substandard English or catch-phrasing has been deliberately selected for dramatic effect.
Coordinate connectives may also be used to begin a sentence. Example: And to many
people's way of thinking, there is no better way to celebrate the successful completion of a
child's first year of life than to attend a luau of this kind.


simple, compound and complex sentences
Dear students it is very important to read this page. It teaches you
how to write simple,compound and complex sentences in a very
easy way.
M.A.Mayassi
Sentences: Simple, Compound, and Complex
Experienced writers use a variety of sentences to make their writing interesting and
lively. Too many simple sentences, for example, will sound choppy and immature while
too many long sentences will be difficult to read and hard to understand. This page
contains definitions of simple, compound, and complex sentences with many simple
examples. The purpose of these examples is to help the ESL/EFL learner to identify
sentence basics including identification of sentences in the short quizzes that follow.
After that, it will be possible to analyze more complex sentences varieties.
SIMPLE SENTENCE
A simple sentence, also called an independent clause, contains a subject and a verb, and
it expresses a complete thought. In the following simple sentences, subjects are in
yellow, and verbs are in green.
A. Some students like to study in the mornings.
B. Juan and Arturo play football every afternoon.
C. Alicia goes to the library and studies every day.
The three examples above are all simple sentences. Note that sentence B contains a
compound subject, and sentence C contains a compound verb. Simple sentences,
therefore, contain a subject and verb and express a complete thought, but they can also
contain a compound subjects or verbs.
COMPOUND SENTENCE
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The
coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. (Helpful hint: The first letter
of each of the coordinators spells FANBOYS.) Except for very short sentences,
coordinators are always preceded by a comma. In the following compound sentences,
subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, and the coordinators and the commas that
precede them are in red.
A. I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English.
B. Alejandro played football, so Maria went shopping.
C. Alejandro played football, for Maria went shopping.
The above three sentences are compound sentences. Each sentence contains two
independent clauses, and they are joined by a coordinator with a comma preceding it.
Note how the conscious use of coordinators can change the relationship between the
clauses. Sentences B and C, for example, are identical except for the coordinators. In
sentence B, which action occurred first? Obviously, "Alejandro played football" first, and
as a consequence, "Maria went shopping. In sentence C, "Maria went shopping" first. In
sentence C, "Alejandro played football" because, possibly, he didn't have anything else to
do, for or because "Maria went shopping." How can the use of other coordinators change
the relationship between the two clauses? What implications would the use of "yet" or
"but" have on the meaning of the sentence?
COMPLEX SENTENCE
A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses.
A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or
when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which. In the following complex
sentences, subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, and the subordinators and their
commas (when required) are in red.
A. When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last
page.
B. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.
C. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.
D. After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies.
E. Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying.
When a complex sentence begins with a subordinator such as sentences A and D, a comma
is required at the end of the dependent clause. When the independent clause begins the
sentence with subordinators in the middle as in sentences B, C, and E, no comma is
required. If a comma is placed before the subordinators in sentences B, C, and E, it is
wrong.
Note that sentences D and E are the same except sentence D begins with the dependent
clause which is followed by a comma, and sentence E begins with the independent clause
which contains no comma. The comma after the dependent clause in sentence D is
required, and experienced listeners of English will often hear a slight pause there. In
sentence E, however, there will be no pause when the independent clause begins the
sentence.
COMPLEX SENTENCES / ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
Finally, sentences containing adjective clauses (or dependent clauses) are also complex
because they contain an independent clause and a dependent clause. The subjects, verbs,
and subordinators are marked the same as in the previous sentences, and in these
sentences, the independent clauses are also underlined.
A. The woman who(m) my mom talked to sells cosmetics.
B. The book that Jonathan read is on the shelf.
C. The house which AbrahAM Lincoln was born in is still standing.
D. The town where I grew up is in the United States.
Adjective Clauses are studied in this site separately, but for now it is important to know that
sentences containing adjective clauses are complex