Download First Semester Final Exam Study Guide

Big Goal 1: 85% or better
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Study Guide
Mr. Young
Semester 1 - Final Study Guide!
- Use the textbook, your notes, a friend (donʼt just copy), other science books, and the
internet to answer these questions.
- The answers can be in picture or graph form. You do not need complete sentences.
- The answers should be on a separate piece of paper.
- You should be done with this study guide by Tuesday (1/26/2010)
- You should use this to study for the final, but you will not be able to use it on the final.
- Email me if you have questions: [email protected]
- Good luck!
Cells (Chapter 3)
1. What is a cell?
2. What is a eukaryotic cell? What is a prokaryotic cell? How are they different? How are they similar?
3. What is a virus? Is it considered living or non living?
4. What is an organelle? What size is an organelle compared to a cell? What size is an organelle compared
to an atom?
5. What is the difference between an organelle and a cell structure? (ex. mitochondria vs. the cell wall)
6. Are plant cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Are animal cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
7. What organelles are in plant cells? What organelles are in animal cells? What organelles are in both?
What organelles are just in animal cells? What organelles are just in plant cells?
8. What is the structure and function of all the organelles and cell structures from page 75 to page 79?
9. Chapter 4: What does the mitochondria do? What is cellular respiration? What is the formula for cellular
respiration?
10. Chapter 4: What does the chloroplasts do? What is photosynthesis? What is the formula for
photosynthesis? Are chloroplasts in animal cells?
11. What is the purpose of the cell membrane? What is the definition of a semi-permeable?
12. Section 2.3: What is a monomer? What is a polymer? How do these terms relate to proteins, lipids,
and carbohydrates?
13. Section 2.5: What is an enzyme? Why is it important?
Mitosis and Meiosis (Chapter 5 and 6)
1. What are the phases of mitosis? Draw out mitosis? How is mitosis different from meiosis? How is
mitosis similar to meiosis?
2. What is the cell cycle? What is interphase?
3. What are the 8 stages of meiosis? Draw metaphase I of a cell where 2n = 6.
4. Where does meiosis occur? What is the purpose of meiosis?
5. What is the definition of diploid and haploid? What is the definition of duplicated and unduplicated?
6. What is a chromosome? What happens to chromosomes during the cell cycle? What happens to
chromosomes during meiosis?
Molecular Genetics (Chapter 8)
1. What is the central dogma?
2. What is transcription?
3. What is translation?
4. What is the structure of DNA? What is the structure of RNA? What is the structure of a protein?
5. What is a nucleotide? What does a nucleotide have to do with DNA and RNA?
6. Name an enzyme that helps carry out the central dogma.
7. How was the x-ray photo Rosalind Franklin took useful in making the DNA model?
8. What are the five nitrogenous bases?
9. What is a codon? Give an example? What amino acid does the codon code for?
10. What are the stop codons? What are the start codons?
11. Write out a DNA sequence of bases (at least 12 bases long). What are the DNA complements? What
are the RNA complements?
12. Write out a RNA sequence (at least 12 bases long). What amino acids do these bases code for?
13. What does a ribosome do?
14. What is the function of tRNA, of mRNA, and of rRNA? What do they stand for?
Genetics (Chapter 6 and 7)
1. Section 9.4: What is genetic engineering?
2. What is a Punnett square? Do an example.
3. What is a genotype and phenotype ratio? How are they used?
4. What is the definition of an allele, a genotype, a phenotype?
5. What does heterozygous, homozygous dominant, and homozygous recessive mean?
6. Page 186: What is a dihybrid cross? When would you use it?
7. If brown = A and green = a. What is the probability that the offspring of a homozygous recessive and a
heterozygous parent will be green?
8. What is crossing over? Why is it important? When during meiosis does it occur?
9. What are sex linked traits? Name a few?
10. What is codominance? What is incomplete dominance? How are they different?
11. Section 7.4: What is a pedigree? What are the 6 symbols (on page 215)?