Download The Approaches Hand gestures

Unit 1: History, Approaches & Research Methods
Today’s Topic:
the APPROACHES
the psychological
APPROACHES
hand gestures
can help us to remember
the psychological approaches
PSYCHOANALYTIC /
PSYCHODYNAMIC
Ideas put forth by Sigmund Freud and other
Neo-Freudians.
Focuses on the ideas that:
• your early childhood plays a huge role in
shaping your personality.
• childhood traumas and experiences create
unconscious drives and conflicts that impact
individual personalities.
PSYCHOANALYTIC /
PSYCHODYNAMIC
– point behind you -- way back
• “My past, my unconscious, determines my
behavior”
COGNITIVIST
• Focuses on mental processes (how we
encode, process, store, and retrieve
information).
• Believe that behavior is partially
governed by the ways we think and
interpret the world.
COGNITIVIST
– point to forehead
• “How I think determines my behavior”
HUMANISTIC
• Focuses on an individual’s free will
and potential for growth.
• Believes that behavior is determined
by each person’s capacity to choose
how to think and act which is dictated
by their perceptions of the world.
HUMANISTIC
– point to self
• “I choose how I behave”
NEUROSCIENCE
/BIOLOGICAL
• Focuses on the belief that behavior is
governed by physiological responses like
changes in brain chemistry, brain
structure, nervous system, etc.
NEUROSCIENCE
/BIOLOGICAL
-pinky finger
• We are only starting to know just how
much our brain, genes, hormones…
determine our behavior.
BEHAVIORAL
Focuses on:
• the importance of the external
environment in shaping behavior.
A behavior’s frequency is largely a
result of rewards and
punishments.
• the study of learning.
• experimental testing that is
observable.
BEHAVIORAL
– middle finger
• “My observable behaviors are reinforced
or punished and this is what determines
my behavior.”
SOCIO-CULTURAL
• Focuses on how behaviors and mental
processes vary amongst the different
cultures of the world
• This is a more recent approach that
came about as people in different
places came into contact with each
other more often (globalism)
• Used to understand and predict
SOCIO-CULTURAL
– make “the world” gesture
• “My culture and social environment
determines my behavior “
EVOLUTIONARY
• believe that people change or perpetuate
(continue) behavior in order improve their
chance to survive (and therefore
reproduce)
• Based on Charles Darwin’s theory of
“survival of the fittest” (Natural Selection)
EVOLUTIONARY
– opposable thumbs
• Our behaviors are the result of our innate
need to reproduce
Biological
(Neuroscience)
Behavioral
Cognitive
Humanistic
Behavior can be understood by describing
underlying biochemical and neurological
causes.
Interested in directly observable behaviors
that are the result of external stimuli.
Cognitive psychologists study thoughts &
processes (language, thought &
memory).
Views behavior as a product of free will
and opposed the determinism of
behaviorism & psychoanalysis.
brain, neurochemicals,
genes
reinforcement or punishment
our thoughts
I choose
Psychodynamic
(Psychoanalytic)
Human behavior is primarily determined by
unconscious processes. Stresses the
importance of early experiences in
determining later behavior patterns.
events from distant past;
unconscious
Social-Cultural
Human behavior is largely the result of our
social environments.
environment
Belief that our thoughts and behaviors are
the result of evolutionary selection
pressures.
natural selection
Evolutionary/
Sociobiological