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Transcript
UNIT 9 NOTESCLASS SET EVOLUTION NOTES PLEASE RETURN THIS TO ME. Chapters 15, 16, and 17 ADAPTATION IS an inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival. What is the theory of acquired traits? Theory of acquired traits: Lamarck said Organisms acquire or lose certain traits during their lifetime by use or disuse. These traits could then be passed on to offspring. Over time this would cause change in a species Example: The giraffe’s neck growing longer to reach the food on taller trees. Who is Charles Darwin and Traveled around the world on the HMS Beagle and what did he do? made many important observations on the Galapagos Islands. He developed the theory of natural selection and published The Origin of Species What is evolution? Evolution: is change in a population over time. As the environment changes, species either adapt or go extinct. Populations Evolve, Individuals Do Not!!!! Explain Natural Selection. Population: Members of the same species who can reproduce a fertile offspring. Variation: Different traits within the population leads to different phenotypes. Some variations are better for the current environment conditions. Survival of the Fittest: Those adapted to the environment can survive and pass genes to the next generation and those who can’t adapt will die or leave fewer offspring. Natural selection: Species change over time because of changes in the environment. Example: Species compete for food, space, and mates. UNIT 9 NOTESCLASS SET How does microevolution occur? Microevolution are small changes between generations. PLEASE RETURN THIS TO ME. Mutation: Allele is changed randomly Mutation present in offspring and may be passed to next generation Migration: New individuals leave to settle into a population. Genetic drift: By random chance, individuals mate and increase allele frequency. Natural selection: Survival of the fittest… When traits make organisms better able to survive an environment. What evidence do we have Fossil record: are the remains of ancient life. for macroevolution? Older fossils are in the layers towards the bottom. Biochemistry/Molecular Biology: Organisms share many of the same biochemical details. (The genetic code for protein-coding genes Amino acid sequences.) Homologous structures: Same Structures; Different Functions. Whales and Humans have the same arm/hand bone structure, but use them differently. Analogous structures: Different Structures; Same Function. Birds and Butterflies have wings but the wings have different structures. Vestigial structures: Traces of structures no longer used by organism. Comparative embryology: Embryos of many animals with backbones look so similar they are hard to tell apart. UNIT 9 NOTESCLASS SET What is speciation and how does it happen? PLEASE RETURN THIS TO ME. Speciation: Changes leading to formation of new species. Populations evolve and become reproductively isolated from each other (members of two populations cannot interbreed) -Behavioral isolation: Capable of interbreeding, but have different courtship rituals. What are some patterns of evolution? -Geographical isolation: Populations separated by geographic barriers (rivers, mountains, bodies of water, etc.) Adaptive radiation: Small group of species evolve into different forms they have to live in different ways. Convergent evolution: Unrelated organisms begin to resemble each other. Similar environmental demands Coevolution: Two species evolve in response to changes in each other. Ex. A humming bird evolves with a longer beak or tongue as the flower’s tube grows longer over time.