* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download SelfAssessment 1 – Cells
Survey
Document related concepts
Embryonic stem cell wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Microbial cooperation wikipedia , lookup
Cell-penetrating peptide wikipedia , lookup
Polyclonal B cell response wikipedia , lookup
Artificial cell wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
State switching wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Cell theory wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Nat4/5 Cell Biology N5 Biology Self Assessment - Cells Nat4/5 Cell Biology 1 a (i) How much do I know? Cell Structure Traffic Lights: Green = Fully understand Orange = Understand most of it – needs further revision Red = Do not understand – this is a priority Learning objectives (LO’s): By the end of this section you should be able to know: Cell structures and their functions including: 1. nucleus 2. chloroplasts 3. cell walls 4. cell membranes 5. vacuoles 6. ribosomes 7. mitochondria 8. plasmids The typical structures of plant, animal, fungi and bacterial cells After Class Revision State the function of a nucleus State the function of a chloroplast State the function of a cell wall State the function of a cell membrane State the function of a vacuole State the function of a cytoplasm State the function of a ribosome State the function of a mitochondria Describe what a plasmid is Name two structures found within plant cells that are not present in animal cells After Home Revision Nat4/5 What is the cell wall in a plant cell made of? What is the cell wall in fungi made of? Name a common single celled fungi Name one feature that plant cells have that is absent from fungi What organelle is absent in a bacterial cell? Where is the genetic information stored within a bacterial cell? Cell Biology Nat4/5 Cell Biology Questions 2. Label A – D A B C D Nat4/5 Cell Biology 3. 4. What type of cell is Yeast? ______________________ 5. What do you call an organism which contains only one cell? _______________________________ 6. What type of stain is used to highlight the nucleus of a cell? ______________________________ 7. What name is given to the ring of DNA within a bacterial cell? _________________________ Nat4/5 Cell Biology 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Across: 2. Red-brown liquid used to stain nuclei.(6,8) 3. Green structure containing chlorophyll. (11) 6. Unicellular pond animal shaped like a slipper. (10) 7. Area of a plant cell containing the sap. (7) 8. Basic unit of life. (4) 9. Instrument used to view cells. (10) 10. Carbohydrate which is used to make cell walls. (9) 11. Unicellular pond animal with no definite shape. (6) 12. Area of the cell where chemical reactions occur. (9) 13. Boundary of a plant cell which gives it it's definite shape. (4,4) Down: 1. Thin flexible boundary of all cells. (4,8) 4. Object being viewed through a microscope. (8) 5. Structure of a cell that controls the cell activities. (7) 8. Solution of sugar and salts. (4,3) 9. One thousandth of a millimetre. (10) Nat4/5 Cell Biology How much do I know? Transport across cell membranes 1 a (ii) Traffic Lights: Green = Fully understand Orange = Understand most of it – needs further revision Red = Do not understand – this is a priority Learning objectives (LO’s): By the end of this section you should be able to know that: The cell membrane consists of lipids and proteins and is selectively permeable. Passive transport is with the concentration gradient and does not require energy. The importance of diffusion in cells as the movement of molecules along a concentration gradient. Osmosis as the movement of water molecules across a membrane in terms of water concentration. Animal cells can burst or shrink and plant cells can become turgid or plasmolysed in different solutions. Active transport requires energy for membrane proteins to move molecules against the concentration gradient. After Class Revision Describe the structure of the cell membrane. Explain why the membrane is described as Fluid Mosaic. State that the cell membrane is made up of protein and phospholipid molecules. State the function of the proteins and phospholipid molecules in the cell membrane. State what a concentration gradient is. State that diffusion is a passive process and involves the movement of a substance from a high concentration to a low concentration of that substance until there is no net movement. After Home Revision Nat4/5 Explain why diffusion is important to cells and give examples of where diffusion occurs in the body. State the definition of Osmosis and explain why it is important to cells. State the meanings of the terms hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic solutions. Describe osmosis in Plant Cells. State the meaning of the words turgid and plasmolysed Explain why plant cells become turgid and plasmolysed Describe osmosis in Animal Cells Explain why animal cells burst or shrink when placed in different solute concentrations. Explain why some fresh water animals have a contractile vacuole Describe how to carry out an experiment to demonstrate Osmosis in plant and animal cells. Describe Active Transport and give examples of active transport such as the sodium/potassium pump. Cell Biology Nat4/5 Cell Biology 1 b (i) How much do I know? Producing new cells Traffic Lights: Green = Fully understand Orange = Understand most of it – needs further revision Red = Do not understand – this is a priority Learning objectives (LO’s): By the end of this section you should be able to know: That diploid cells have two matching sets of chromosomes which are replicated by mitosis The processes and structures involved in mitosis How to culture cells and the factors that can influence growth After Class Revision What is the name given to cell division. Why do multicellular organisms need to undergo cell division? Why do multicellular organisms need to undergo cell division? What name is given to a cell which ha two matching sets of chromosomes? Describe the two main processes in cell division Label this diagram with the following structures: chromosomes, centromere, spindle fibres and equator After Home Revision Nat4/5 State the number and genetic make up of the daughter cells. Describe two factors which can influence the growth of bacteria. State two reasons why we need a range of antibiotics Describe the aseptic techniques involved in streaking agar plates. Cell Biology Nat4/5 Cell Biology Mitosis Questions M_____________________ is the process of cell d______________________ One cell divides into t_____ identical daughter cells It is important that each cell contains the exact same g_______________ information. Mitosis has two key steps: 1) The n______________ divides 2) The c______________ divides. Stage 1) Chromosomes s___________ and d___________________ Stage 2) Chromosomes line up at the e_____________________ Stage 3) S_____________ fibres pull the chromosomes apart. Stage 4) The c_________________ divides Something that is genetically identical is called a c_____________ Although some animals have the same number of chromosomes, they look different because each chromosome has different g________. Nat4/5 Past paper question Cell Biology Nat4/5 Cell Biology 1 b (ii) How much do I know? Genetic Engineering Traffic Lights: Green = Fully understand Orange = Understand most of it – needs further revision Red = Do not understand – this is a priority Learning objectives (LO’s): By the end of this section you should be able to know that: Genetic information can be transferred from one cell to another naturally or by genetic engineering. DNA can be transferred naturally between cells either by bacterial plasmids or viruses. Stages of genetic engineering to include: identify section of DNA that contains required gene from source chromosome, extract required gene, insert required gene into vector/bacterial plasmid, insert plasmid into host cell and grow transformed cells to produce a Genetically Modified organism. After Class Revision State that genetic information can be transferred from one cell to another naturally in either sexual or asexual reproduction. State that genetic information can be passed from one bacterial cell to another bacterial cell via plasmids (small circular pieces of DNA). State that genetic material of viruses can be inserted into other organisms genetic material. State that genetic engineering is the transfer of an organism’s genetic material into another organism’s genetic material. State that the gene inserted into the plasmid codes for a desired protein such as the human hormone insulin or human growth hormone. After Home Revision Nat4/5 Cell Biology State that the plasmid is now called a recombinant plasmid and acts as a VECTOR since it carries the genetic material of one organism to another. State that the recombinant plasmid is inserted back inside the host bacterial cell where it is made into many copies. Describe the process of genetic engineering. State that the bacterial cell reproduces to form many identical copies of bacterial cell all containing the recombinant plasmid. Question 1: Genetic engineering using bacteria to produce human insulin. Describe the stages involved in this process. Question 2: Nat4/5 Cell Biology Nat4/5 Cell Biology