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Study Guide
Matching (Some systems may be used more than once):
_D__ 6. Makes red blood cells
a. Respiratory System
__C_ 7. Breaks down food to absorb nutrients the body can use
b. Nervous System
__D_ 8. Protects, Supports and allows for movement
c. Digestive System
_A__ 9. Takes in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide
d. Skeletal System
_B__ 10. Senses the environment around you
e. Circulatory System
11. What is the difference between an observation and an inference?
Observation- something you see, hear, feel etc… ( uses your senses to describe something)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__Infereneces: uses your observations to predict/explain what is happening
_____________________________________________________________________________________
12. The following bold words are parts of a well-designed experiment:
Why is it important to have a larger sample size?
___you want to test a lot of subjects so you can get a more accurate result
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Why is it important to do multiple trials?
________to see if the test results are the same each time which would help “prove” your results
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Explain why you should have a control group and an experimental group when doing an
experiment.
__to compare the experiment to something that is untested. To have a baseline
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
13. Identify the following as qualitative (QUAL) or quantitative (QUAN):
__N___ The oil painting weighs eight pounds.
___L__ The painting has many brush strokes.
_L____ My advisory has a positive school spirit.
__N___ I joined an after school club with eleven other environmentalists.
__N___ The seventh grade is extremely civic minded.
14. Match the following organ to the correct system:
A. Skeletal System
B. Digestive System
C. Respiratory System D. Nervous System
__C___ Nose/Mouth
__A___ Bone Marrow
__A___ Hinge joint
_D____ Brain
_D___ Spinal cord
__B___ Esophagus
__C___ Trachea
___B__ Pancreas
15. Where are the villi found in the body and what is their function?
__Found in the small intestine which is where nutrients are sent into the blood
stream. Villi help increase surface area and they have capillaries inside which
how the nutrients are exchanged into the blood
16. Where can the alveoli be found and what is their function?
____found at the end of the bronchioles and they are where gas exchange
happens (CO2 and O2) because alveoli have capillaries surrounding them.
17. Circle the organs which help with mechanical breakdown.
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas
18. Circle the organs which help with chemical breakdown. Explain how each organ helps.
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas
19. Why did breaking down the alka-seltzer tablet into smaller pieces (mechanical breakdown) help
with chemical breakdown (the vinegar)? __when the tablet was already crushed which was increasing
its surface area breakdown happened faster because the chemicals( vinegar) where able to
dissolve/touch more areas
20. What is the level of organization in the body (from smallest to largest)? (organism, cells, organs,
tissues)
_____________cells---- tissues ----organs----organ system---- organisms
21. What is the path that food takes through the digestive system? Pretend you just ate a slice of pizza
and explain its journey through body. Include which parts are mechanical and which parts are chemical.
mouth-M(teeth)+C(saliva) , esophagus (M) stomach (M+C) small Intestine (M) Large Intestine (M)
rectum (m) Anus (m) food does not go through but they help with digestion Liver (c-bile) Pancreas (c) _
22. What are 4 functions of the liver (an organ which food does not pass through)?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____produces bile to break down fats in food, acts as a filter (alcohol and poison), breaks down fats
and carbs, produces enzymes
_____________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
23. List the three different types of muscles and give an example of where you might find each of them.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_______Sketetal- muscle that attaches to bones (bicep, triceps, leg muscles)
Smooth- muscle found in organs
Cardiac- heart muscle
24. What are the three types of neurons? Fill in the missing parts of the picture above.
Sensory ------- Inter neurons-------Motor neurons
25. The two main joints are hinge and ball-and-socket joints. Explain the movement that each of these
joints allows you to make.
_____Ball and socket joints allow you to move freely in a circle motion – hip, shoulder
Hinge joints – can move back and forth. Knees, elbows and fingers__________
26. Explain the structure of a bone and how it helps it function the way it does (strong yet light).
______spongy bone’s “honey comb” or holey structure makes it light but compact bone which is solid
and dense keeps it strong
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Tendon
Ligament
Label the correct structures!
Ligament: bone to bone
tendon; muscle to bone
27. A florist wants to see if Product X will extend the life of cut flowers so they last longer.
Each day, for one week, the florist adds a capful of Product X to five cut roses. He compares
them every day for a week to another 5 roses that are not receiving Product X. He then records
the color, firmness of the stem, and whether any petals have fallen over the course of the
week.
What could be the florists’ hypothesis (If, then, because)?
______If product X is applied to five roses then they will live longer because we can compare
the flowers without product X to the ones that have been treated and see a difference in color
firmness and petal retention.
What could he do to increase his sample size? Why is it important to have a larger
sample size?
Add more roses. More examples of whether or not product x works
What factors would he need to control in his experiment?
__the one not getting product X is his main control or baseline. The things that are constant are that he
has to use the same amount of product X throughout the whole experiment. Same type of roses, all
grown in same area, make sure they receive the same amount of water, same size/kind pot, same kind
of soil, take measurement at same time of day and same way.
___________________________________________________________________________________
What is the independent and dependent variable?
IV _____product X______________________________
DV____last/live longer
Looking at the table below, calculate the average reaction time of each student and explain who had the
fastest time. SHOW WORK. (hint: notice the units!!)
Student
Ashley
Trial 1
90sec
Trial 2
98 sec
Trial 3
60 sec
Distance 1
10 cm
Distance 2
20 cm
Distance 3
50cm
Frank
110 sec
115 sec
90 sec
10 cm
20 cm
50 cm
Ashley; 90+ 98+ 60 = 248/3 = 82.6 sec
Frank 110+ 115 +90 =315/3 = 105 sec
ASHLEY HAS THE FASTEST REACTION TIME!!!