Download The Digestive System

The Digestive System
Digestion

process of making
food usable by
breaking it down
using enzymes
Enzymes

proteins made by the body that make
specific reactions occur at a faster rate
The Mouth



Teeth break the food down
mechanically
Saliva helps break down the food
chemically
Tongue pushes food around and
towards back of throat for swallowing
Esophagus & Epiglottis

Esophagus


Stretchy pipe that
leads from the back
of the throat to the
stomach
Epiglottis

flap that covers the
windpipe to avoid
food going into your
lungs
4-layer Basic Plan in the Wall of the
Alimentary Canal =
Alimentary Canal
Digestive Tract
Peristalsis

Peristalsis is a distinctive pattern of
smooth muscle contractions that
propels foodstuffs distally through the
esophagus and intestines
The Stomach


Stretchy sack that is
shaped like a “J”
Has strong muscles
and hydrochloric
acid that break
down the food and
pepsin that b/d
proteins into amino
acids
Microscopic Anatomy of the
Stomach
The Small Intestine

Small intestine



about 22’ long
Enzymes- bile from the liver concentrates
fats and from the pancreas, trypsin
continues to b/d proteins, amylase b/d
carbohydrates and lipase b/d fats
nutrients diffuse from small intestine to
blood
Anatomy of the Small Intestine
Regions of the Small Intestine
Liver, Gall Bladder, & Pancreas

Liver



Gall bladder


makes bile
1st place that nutrients go from small intestine so
harmful substances can be filtered out
holds bile
Pancreas

makes enzymes to help digest fats and protein
Gross Anatomy of the
Pancreas
The End of the Tract

Large Intestine



About 5’ long, absorbs salts, vitamins, water and minerals
unused parts of food move through to be excreted from the
body
Appendix


Rectum


no purpose
solid waste stays here until you have a bowel movement
Anus

opening that solid waste is pushed through
THE FINAL END OF THE TRACT