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TOPIC 7: THE RISE OF WESTERN EUROPEAN INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENTS World History Mr. Kallusingh RENAISSANCE Renaissance means rebirth. It was a rebirth of society, mainly Greek and Roman The world changed from rural to urban, and people began to emphasize self before society ITALIAN CITY-STATES Milan- was on a major trade route, had a well organized government that was setup by Visconti family and Francesco Sforza Venice- was built on trade and run by aristocrats, became an international power Florence- run by the Medici family and was the birthplace of the renaissance ITALIAN CITY-STATES Venice Florence Milan AN ERA OF AWAKENING Humanism- the study of the classics, which is ancient Greek and Roman grammar/ rhetoric/ poetry/ philosophy/ history INFLUENTIAL ARTIST Leonardo Da Vinci- Mona Lisa, Last Supper Michelangelo- Sistine Chapel, Sculpture of David Raphael- Virgin Mary, School of Athens Jan Van Eyck- first to use oil Albrecht Durer- copied Italian ideals, Adoration of the Magi ARTIST INFLUENTIAL WRITERS Dante- Divine comedy that talks about the soul’s journey to salvation Chaucer- writes the Canterbury Tales Christine de Pizan- writes The Book of the City of Ladies that talks about women rights Machiavelli- writes the Prince that is about how to be a ruler Castiglione- writes The Book of the Courtier that explains how to act in public PRINTING PRESS Johannes Gutenberg made the printing press which allowed for manuscripts to be more abundant What are going to be some of the effects of the printing press on society? NORTHERN RENAISSANCE Where did the Renaissance start? Then it moved to Europe due to trade and the printing press Famous writers emerged like Erasmus and More who wrote Utopia Famous painters emerged especially from the Flemish school PROTESTANT REFORMATION Problems with the church were the pope was more concerned with politics than he was spiritual matters, church officials were more concerned with making money (indulgences), they did not know how to help people get salvation Important people early were the Christian humanist like Erasmus PROTESTANT REFORMATION Martin Luther nailed the ninety-five theses to the church to complain about the many problems he witnessed. He was excommunicated and made an outlaw Ulrich Zwingli brought about the idea of abolishing relics and images John Calvin introduced the idea of predestination King Henry VIII wanted an annulment but the pope refused COUNTER REFORMATION Eventually the Catholic Church realized they had to make changes or lose all their followers The church leaders came together at the Council of Trent and made changes; no more indulgences, faith and good works for salvation, kept seven sacraments, kept Eucharist, kept clerical celibacy SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Copernicus- presented that the universe was heliocentric(sun) not geocentric(earth) Kepler- proved Copernicus was right Galileo- invented the telescope and proved all objects fall at the same rate Newton- he discovered the laws of motion and gravitation Other Ideas that were discovered were calculus and chemistry, the microscope was invented as well