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Structure of Matter Create a foldable from the reading Atoms Foldable- important informational notes from the reading , “ What Makes Up Matter” AtomsMatter –anything having mass or volume Made of tiny building blocks “atoms”, small, invisible Nucleus tiny compared to entire size of atom # of electrons = # protons making atoms on periodic table of elements stable, neutral, balanced element atoms Atomic Mass # is the # protons + # neutrons in nucleus Atoms of the same type of element called isotopes, have different # of neutrons Atoms fill their outer energy levels Lewis dot diagrams show outer most energy levels or Ne valence electrons Nucleus • Most of the mass of an atom • Center of the atom • Contains neutrons & protons Not similar to nucleus of a cell. Protons• • • • • Subatomic particle in nucleus of atom Positive electromagnetic charge About the same mass as a neutron # of protons identifies the atom= atomic number Protons are part of the atomic mass of atom Neutrons • • • • • Subatomic particle in the nucleus of atom No electrical charge, neutral About the same mass as a proton Part of the atomic mass of the atom Neutron # is different in isotopes Electrons • • • • • • • • • Move around space outside of nucleus Negative electromagnetic charge Have very little mass 1836 x lighter than protons Unpredictably move in space around outside of nucleus “electron cloud” Distance from nucleus depends on amount of energy Energy levels, shells=positions of electrons from nucleus (closer to nucleus lower energy, farther away more energy) Energy levels hold certain # of electrons Valence electrons= outer most energy level electrons Atoms gain, share, or lose electrons with other atoms What is Atomic Number? 16 S Sulfur Atomic Number is the number of protons in an atom. The periodic table of elements is arranged by proton number & atomic mass number What are symbols for elements? • 16 Symbols are usually the capital letters of the first letter of the name of the element symbol S Sulfur • Some element symbols are a Capital letter and a lower case letter like Ca for Calcium • Others are have symbols for their Latin or Greek names like Pb Lead which means Plumbum in Latin. Elements are named for places, persons, or things. What is the Atomic Mass Number? 3 Li Lithium 6.94 The atomic mass number tells the protons plus neutron mass in the nucleus Atomic mass # rounds to 7- there are 3 protons in the nucleus and 4 neutrons (each weighing 1 atomic mass unit = 7 amu) Read the table from left to right. Least protons on top left corner, lighter elements on top left corner of table. Most Protons and heaviest elements on lower right corner of table. Families are columns and have similar properties & valence electrons Periods are rows and have similar number of energy levels.