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European Renaissance Renaissance Man ("Blister in the Sun" by the Violent Femmes) – YouTube Violent Femmes - Blister in the Sun - YouTube Objectives Explain the social, economic, and political changes that contributed to the rise of Florence and the ideas of Machiavelli. Identify artistic and scientific achievements of Leonardo da Vinci, the “Renaissance man,” and Michelangelo. Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance Italy’s advantages Educated people of Italy hoped to bring back to life the culture of Greece and Rome. This led to new values Example – importance of the individual. Three advantages: Thriving city-states Wealthy merchant class Classical heritage of Greece and Rome. Classical and Worldly Values Humanism. Emphasizes the dignity and worth of the individual. The potential and achievements. Art so Important Church leaders beautified Rome and other cities. Merchants and wealthy families would have their portraits painted or donate art to the city to place in public squares. Values Renaissance Man – charming, witty, and well educated in the classics. He should dance, sing, play music, and write poetry. Renaissance Woman – know the classics and be charming. Expected to inspire art but not create art. Little influence in politics. 1. Realism & Expression Expulsion from the Garden Masaccio 1427 First nudes since classical times. 2. Perspective The Trinity Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Masaccio 1427 Perspective! First use of linear perspective! What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become. 3. Classicism Greco-Roman influence. Secularism. Humanism. Individualism free standing figures. Symmetry/Balance The “Classical Pose” Medici “Venus” (1c) 4. Empasis on Individualism Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466. Important Renaissance People: Wealthy Merchants The Medici Family Prominent banking family Cosimo Merchant and political ruler over Florence Humanist Lasting impacts are his large library and his patronage of the artists Lorenzo Ruler over Florence Tyrant in which he ruled by influencing govt Also a patron of the arts Botticelli Michelangelo How did writers reflect They wrote in the vernacular; Renaissance values in wrote about non-religious (secular) topics their work? – simply for leisure, fun, self-expression; and pursued independent thought and investigation rather than simply accepting what the church taught. B. Determining Word Meaning Petrarch, often called the “father of humanism” authored beautiful sonnets in the vernacular Italian and they were about a love of his life named Laura. vernacular – the language of the local people. (not Latin!) Important Renaissance People: Writers Francesco Petrarch – father of Renaissance humanism. Great poet. Wrote in Italian and Latin. Important Renaissance People: Writers Dante Spiritual vision and many intellectual accomplishments. Divine Comedy Allegorical narrative. Poet’s imaginary journey through hell, purgatory, and heaven. Important Renaissance People: Writers Machiavelli The Prince (1513) Political guidebook for rulers Also, examined the imperfect conduct of people Most people are selfish, fickle, and corrupt Niccolò Machiavelli was an Italian statesman and writer and is considered one of the most significant political thinkers of the Renaissance. His best-known work, The Prince, describes cunning and unscrupulous methods for rulers to gain and keep power. A.) The Prince (1532; trans. 1640) - describes the method by which a prince can acquire and maintain political power. B.) It is believed he was defending the tyranny of such cruel rulers of his day as Cesare Borgia. C.) He believed that a ruler is not bound by traditional ethical norms like the people the ruler’s rules should be. D.) a prince should be concerned only with power and be bound only by rules that would lead to success in political actions. “The End justifies the Means.” “Better to be feared than loved.” E.) believed that these rules could be discovered by deduction from the political practices of the time, as well as from those of earlier periods. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School DO YOU AGREE or DISAGREE? “Being a good ruler means sometimes doing the unpopular in order to achieve what is best for one’s people in the long run.” “A shrewd politician knows he may have to sometimes employ devious methods if he is to stay in power.” “The End justifies the Means.” “At any given time a ruler may be faced with sending men to their deaths in battle. He must be willing to sacrifice those few in order to save the many.” “Rulers can not be expected to live under the same “morality” as the masses they rule. They must at times choose corrupt, distasteful, even evil means in order to achieve a final good for their people.” “It is better that a Ruler should be feared by his people than loved by them.” ~ Machiavelli Today we still use the phrase machiavellian to refer to someone who pursues an action that, though may not be viewed as morally right, he believes will be politically effective. Can you think of examples in American or World History / Politics of leaders whose decisions might be considered machiavellian ? How Machiavellian Are You? Statements 1. Most people are honest. 2. Most people think first of their pocket-books and later about right and wrong. 3. To get someone to like you, tell that person what he/she wants to hear. 4. The best way to earn someone's respect is to be kind and honest. 5. The best way to earn someone's loyalty is show him or her your power. 6. There are no absolute rights and wrongs. "Right" is what works. 7. A good president reads the polls to find out what people want and makes those things his policies. 8. Most people are extremely selfish. 9. A promise is a sacred trust. 10. Nice guys finish last. Agree Undecided Disagree How Machiavellian Are You? Statements Agree Undecided Disagree 1. Most people are honest. 1 3 5 2. Most people think first of their pocket-books and later about right and wrong. 5 3 1 3. To get someone to like you, tell that person what he/she wants to hear. 5 3 1 4. The best way to earn someone's respect is to be kind and honest. 1 3 5 5. The best way to earn someone's loyalty is show him or her your power. 5 3 1 6. There are no absolute rights and wrongs. "Right" is what works. 5 3 1 7. A good president reads the polls to find out what people want and makes those things his policies. 5 3 1 8. Most people are extremely selfish. 5 3 1 9. A promise is a sacred trust. 1 3 5 10. Nice guys finish last. 5 3 1 Your Machiavellian Score 10-23 Type A: You are not all Machiavellian. Some would say you are an idealist and an optimist about human nature. You have strong ideas about right and wrong. 24-36 Type B: Your are more cautious about trusting human nature and less idealistic than those above. You know that selfishness can sometimes get in the way of lofty ideals. Your Machiavellian Score 37-50 Type C: You are extremely Machiavellian. Practical to the point of being a hard-headed cynic, not very trusting about human nature, and ready to deal with what is, rather than what ought to be. Important Renaissance People: Writers Erasmus Dutch humanist The Praise of Folly Published his annotated New Testament Represented common sense applied to human affairs Exposed the abuses of the Church Helped advance the Revival of Learning Important Renaissance People: Writers Thomas More English Christian humanist Wrote Utopia(1516) Imaginary land where there is NOT greed, corruption, or war Utopia today continues to mean “an ideal place” Important Renaissance People: Writers William Shakespeare English writer during the Elizabethan age Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, and The Taming of the Shrew. Wrote plays where were performed at the famous Globe Theatre Used the classics to draw inspiration for his plots Demonstrated a deep understanding of people and their flaws Important Renaissance People: Artists Giotto di Bondone Florentine painter and architect Known for this depiction of the human form and solidity of 3-dimensional forms Most famous works are his frescoes in the Arena Chapel Depict the Life and Passion of Christ Taught Raphael and Michelangelo The Arena Chapel Frescoes Important Renaissance People: Artists Masaccio Italian artist Humanist Father of “perspective” which is?? Use of vanishing point Depth/3D Adoration of the Magi Masaccio’s Tribute Money Important Renaissance People: Artists Raphael Studied the works of Michelangelo and Leonardo. One of his favorite subjects was the Madonna and child. School of Athens Painted famous figures such as Michelangelo, Leonardo, and himself as classical philosophers and their students. Famous for his use of perspective. School of Athens Important Renaissance People: Artists Donatello Italian artist Famous for sculpture of David in Florence Known for his working with perspective and his method of scuplture Important Renaissance People: Artists Leonardo da Vinci Painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist. Mona Lisa The Last Supper The Last Supper Renaissance Art Lifelike- Looks realistic, artists studied the body. Perspective- Had depth, 3D Emotion- Revealed artists’ feelings Sometimes Secular- (Sometimes non-religious) Important Renaissance People: Artists Michelangelo Italian painter and sculptor Most famous work – The Sistine Chapel His impact: His paintings were all equally proportioned Excellent use of perspective David Creation of Adam Sistine Chapel - Virtual Tour Important Renaissance People: Artists Filippo Brunelleschi Father of Renaissance architecture Formulated techniques for lifting construction materials and creating selfsupporting domes Built the Cathedral of Florence (Duomo) Important Renaissance People: Artists Lorenzo Ghiberti Italian artist, sculptor, and metal worker Created the bronze doors on Baptistery Important Renaissance People: Artists Albrecht Durer German artist Painted many portraits Traveled to Italy and fused the Gothic traditions of the North with the color of the Italians “Hands” “The Praying Hands” Important Renaissance People: Artists Jan van Eyck Flemish painter Developed techniques for the new oil-based paints still used today Able to create a variety of subtle colors “Arnolfini Wedding Portrait” Important Renaissance People: Artists El Greco Spanish painter Painted many religious works, portraits, and landscapes Paintings contained vibrant colors, unusual perspectives, and strangely contorted figures El Greco “View of Toledo” “The gentleman with his hand on his chest” Important Renaissance People Cervantes Spanish writer Wrote Don Quixote considered to be the first modern novel Printing Press Johann Gutenberg Improved printing Incorporated a screwtype press, movable type, paper, and ink Books produced faster and cheaper Printed the Bible (Gutenberg Bible) Legacy of the Renaissance Changes in Art Techniques and styles from classical Greece and Rome Portrayed individuals and nature more realistically Created works that were secular as well as religious works Writers used vernacular language Praised individual achievement Legacy of the Renaissance Changes in Society Printing made information more available and inexpensive More books increased a desire for learning and a rise in literacy Christian humanists’ attempts to reform society changed views on how lives should be lived People began to question political structures and religious practices Horrible Histories The Rennaisance Report YouTube