Download Evolution Review Guide Charles Darwin Sailed the Beagle and

Evolution Review Guide
Charles Darwin
Natural selection
Adaptations
Reproductive
isolation
Adaptive radiation
or divergent
evolution
Convergent
evolution
biodiversity
Species diversity
Genetic diversity
Molecular clocks
speciation
reproductive
isolation
gradualism
Punctuated
equilibrium
Radioisotope dating
Sailed the Beagle and observed different species among islands and
mainland. Contributed ideas of NATURAL SELECTION.
Darwin observed that variations within a species were dependent on the
environment.
is a mechanism that explains changes in a population that occur when
organisms with favorable variations for that particular environment survive,
reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation.
Adaptations ensure survival and reproduction.
Organisms cannot reproduce because they are separated from each other.
Adaptations can arise due to reproductive isolation.
occurs in a short time; organisms populate a new area.
unrelated species independently evolve superficial similarities because of their
adaptations to similar environments.
the variety of organisms, their genetic information, and the communities
in which they live.
includes the vast number of different organisms on Earth.
refers to the sum total of all the different forms of genetic information carried by
all living organisms on Earth. It gives rise to inheritable variation, which scientists
believe provides the raw material for evolution.
are proteins that have changed very slowly and are shared by many species.
is the evolution of a new species that occurs due to changes in gene flow in
populations of the ancestral species.
No interbreeding between organisms of the same species.
is evolution that occurs over a long period of time when adaptive changes
accumulate slowly and steadily over time in a population. Darwin believed in
gradualism.
states that speciation occurs quickly in rapid bursts, with long periods of
stability.
1. the half- life of the isotope being measured 2. how much of the isotope was
originally present in the fossil or in the rock containing the fossil 3. how much of
the isotope is left. (Carbon and uranium)
Relative dating
By matching rock layers with fossils, geologists
can determine the age of the rocks, while paleontologists can determine
the age of the
fossils
fitness
Stabilizing selection
Directional selection
Survival and reproductive success of individuals in a population
The genetic makeup of a population is stable over time.
Disruptive selection
Biological resistance
involves changes from one phenotypic property to a new one. Ex: Color of
feathers shifts from green to blue-green
Disruptive selection will split a species into two or more groups by
strongly selecting against the intermediate or average phenotypes.
Many insects have developed resistance to insecticides. Viruses are
constantly evolving. Bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics.
Evolution Review Guide