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Download Evolution Review Guide Charles Darwin Sailed the Beagle and
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Evolution Review Guide Charles Darwin Natural selection Adaptations Reproductive isolation Adaptive radiation or divergent evolution Convergent evolution biodiversity Species diversity Genetic diversity Molecular clocks speciation reproductive isolation gradualism Punctuated equilibrium Radioisotope dating Sailed the Beagle and observed different species among islands and mainland. Contributed ideas of NATURAL SELECTION. Darwin observed that variations within a species were dependent on the environment. is a mechanism that explains changes in a population that occur when organisms with favorable variations for that particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation. Adaptations ensure survival and reproduction. Organisms cannot reproduce because they are separated from each other. Adaptations can arise due to reproductive isolation. occurs in a short time; organisms populate a new area. unrelated species independently evolve superficial similarities because of their adaptations to similar environments. the variety of organisms, their genetic information, and the communities in which they live. includes the vast number of different organisms on Earth. refers to the sum total of all the different forms of genetic information carried by all living organisms on Earth. It gives rise to inheritable variation, which scientists believe provides the raw material for evolution. are proteins that have changed very slowly and are shared by many species. is the evolution of a new species that occurs due to changes in gene flow in populations of the ancestral species. No interbreeding between organisms of the same species. is evolution that occurs over a long period of time when adaptive changes accumulate slowly and steadily over time in a population. Darwin believed in gradualism. states that speciation occurs quickly in rapid bursts, with long periods of stability. 1. the half- life of the isotope being measured 2. how much of the isotope was originally present in the fossil or in the rock containing the fossil 3. how much of the isotope is left. (Carbon and uranium) Relative dating By matching rock layers with fossils, geologists can determine the age of the rocks, while paleontologists can determine the age of the fossils fitness Stabilizing selection Directional selection Survival and reproductive success of individuals in a population The genetic makeup of a population is stable over time. Disruptive selection Biological resistance involves changes from one phenotypic property to a new one. Ex: Color of feathers shifts from green to blue-green Disruptive selection will split a species into two or more groups by strongly selecting against the intermediate or average phenotypes. Many insects have developed resistance to insecticides. Viruses are constantly evolving. Bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics. Evolution Review Guide