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Anatomy Study Guide: (Flash Card Form)! !
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unit test
Define the difference between Anatomy &
Physiology
Anatomy: study go the structures of the body parts
Physiology: the study of the function of the body
and its parts.
Define…
Cytology: Study of cells
Histology: Study of Tissues
Embryology: Study of developmental changes of
the body before birth.
List the 6 levels of a structural Organization
Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organismal
What are 3 functions of the integumentary System
!
External body coverings, Protects deep tissue from
injury, Synthesizes Vit. D & regulates body temp.
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What is the integumentary system composed of?
Be able to List 5
skin, sweat glands, oil glands, hair and nails
The Cardiovascular System is composed of?
List 2 components.
heart and blood vessels
When the heart pumps blood, what else does it
transport (List 3)
oxygen, nutrients, hormones
What is the skeletal System Composed of? Be
able to list 4
bone, cartilage, joints, ligaments
What are 4 functions of the skeletal system
protects body organs, supports body organs,
provides the framework for muscles to move, site
of blood cell formation, stores minerals
What are 4 components of the lymphatic system?
tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes & lymphatic vessels
What is the muscular system composed of? Be
able to list 2 components
Muscles and Tendons
What are 4 functions of the muscular system
allows manipulation, maintains posture, produces
heat, contracts (shortens)
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What are 3 functions of the lymphatic system?
Help cleanse the body, picks up fluid leaked from
blood vessels and returns to blood, houses white
blood cells.
What is the main function of the respiratory
system? Describe 2 functions.
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and
lungs.
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Keeps blood supplied with oxygen & removes
carbon dioxide.
What is the nervous system composed of? Be able
to list 4 components.
brain, spinal columns, nerves and sensory
receptors.
What is the MAIN function of the nervous system?
Responds to stimuli by activating muscles and
glands.
Describe the 2 main functions of the digestive
system.
Breaks down food, eliminates indigestible food
into feces.
How many glands is the Endocrine System made
up of?
8 glands
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What do these Glands produce?
hormones
Describe the 2 main functions of the urinary
system.
!
eliminates wastes (nitrogenous) and regulates
water, electrolytes, and pH balance of the blood.
What are 3 functions of the male reproductive
system?
produce offspring, produce sperm (sex hormone)
and deliver sperm to the female reproductive
tract.
What are 4 functions of the female reproductive
system?
production of offspring, produce eggs (sex cell)
and hormones, structures serve for sites for
fertilization, development of the fetus, produce
milk for newborn.
List the 8 life functions
List the 5 needs of survival
Nutrients
Oxygen
Water
Maintaining body temp.
Atmospheric Pressure
Define homeostasis
maintain relatively stable internal environment
Describe Anatomical Position
Body is erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing
forward, thumbs pointing away from the body.
Maintain Boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth
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What 3 factors interact to maintain homeostasis?
chemical, thermal and neural
Know the location of the following directional
terms:
Superior/Inferior (toward/away from head)
Anterior/Posterior (toward front/back of body)
Medial/Lateral (toward midline, away from midline)
Proximal/Distal (closer/farther from origin of body)
Superficial/Deep (Toward/Away from body surface)
What is the function of the dorsal cavity and what
are the 2 subdivisions called?
Protects the nervous system
Cranial & Vertebral (spinal)
What is the function of the ventral cavity and what
are the 2 subdivisions called?
houses internal organs
Thoracic & Abdominopelvic
The thoracic cavity is divided into what 3
subdivisions?
Pleural cavities, mediastinum and pericardial
cavity
The abdominopelvic cavity is separated from the
superior thoracic cavity by what?
Diaphragm
The abdominopelvic cavity is composed of what
2 subdivisions?
Abdominal and Pelvic Cavity
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(DON’T NEED TO KNOW FOR TEST)
A neurosurgeon orders a spinal tap for a patient.
Into what body cavity will the needle be inserted?
Would accept either Spinal or Vertebral
Which 3 body regions are medial?
Epigastric, Umbilical and Hypogastric (pubic)
What kind of section would have to be made to
cut the brain into anterior and posterior parts?
Answer D
a.) Transverse
b.) Midsaggital
c.) Median
d.) Coronal
What kind of section would have to be made to
cut the heart into superior and inferior parts?
transverse or horizontal plane
DIAGRAMS TO KNOW FOR THE TEST!
Fill in the following cavities: Dorsal, ventral,
abdominopelvic, thoracic and cranial
Label the Lung, Heart, Diaphragm, Pericardial
Cavity and Pleural Cavity
Label the following Quadrants: !
R & L Iliac!
R & L Hypochondriac!
R & L Lumbar!
Hypogastric !
Epigastric!
Umbilical
Label the Pericardial Space, Visceral Pericardium
and Parietal Pericardium
Label the following planes of the body: !
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_______________
_______________
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