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CENTRAL TEXAS COLLEGE SYLLABUS FOR PHYS 2425 UNIVERSITY PHYSICS I Semester Hours Credit: 4 INSTRUCTOR: OFFICE HOURS: I. INTRODUCTION Satisfactory completion of this course earns the student four semester hours credit in University Physics required by most colleges of students who plan to major in physics, chemistry, certain fields of engineering and other majors which require a calculus-based physics. The student should have taken or be enrolled in calculus. The student will be introduced to the basic principles of linear and rotational mechanics, heat, energy, work, and the atomic structure of matter. Mastery of this course material should give the student a working knowledge of some basic physical concepts and should aid him in future courses by increasing his ability to analyze and solve problems logically. II. LEARNING OUTCOMES Upon successful completion of this course, University Physics I, the student will: A. Use the International System of Measurement. B. Analyze situations involving force and motion and solve these problems. Explain vectors and scalars including vector addition & multiplication. C. Discuss and explain Newton's laws of linear and rotational motion. D. Carry out calculations involving collisions in the context of momentum conservation for both elastic and inelastic collisions. E. Understand the principle of conservation of energy including various forms of potential and kinetic energy. F. Explain the principles involved with heat and the Laws of Thermodynamics. G. Solve numerical problems using Calculus. 8/30/10 III. INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS I. The instructional materials identified for this course are viewable through www.ctcd.edu/books A. Text: Halliday, Resnick & Walker, Fundamentals of Physics Extended Version, 9th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Publisher; New York; 2011. II. B. Required: University Physics I Laboratory Manual, CTC, 2007 C. Optional: Halliday Student’s Solutions Manual D. Optional: Halliday Learningware CD-ROM E. Optional: Halliday, Study Guide F. Optional: Experimental Research Notebook for Scientists and Engineers, Jones and Bartlett, 1996. G. A scientific calculator. COURSE REQUIREMENTS A. Normally a grade of "C" or better must be earned for transfer to other colleges or universities. B. A student begins to earn his final grade in the course with the first class meeting. This grade will be determined by exam scores, class participation, initiative and attendance. C. Preparation for the final exam also begins with the first class meeting. The final exam will be comprehensive. D. The student should spend a minimum of two hours of study for each class period. This time should not only be devoted to the completion of class assignments, but also to the review of past material, correction of errors on past assignments, etc. E. The student is expected to take adequate lecture notes and to review them as soon as possible after they are taken, not attempt to write every word, use key phrases and a logical method of organization. F. The student should bring his/her textbook and all other necessary materials to each class meeting. PHYS 2425 2 EXAMINATIONS There will be four unit exams given at the times announced. Lowest exam score will be dropped. Missed exams will not be made up under any circumstances. There will also be a comprehensive final exam. The final exam cannot be missed. III. SEMESTER GRADE COMPUTATIONS Unit Exams Final Exam Homework Laboratory IV. 60% 10% 10% 20% 100% 90 80 70 60 0 - 100 89 79 69 59 = = = = = A B C D F NOTES AND ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FROM COURSE INSTRUCTOR A. Course Withdrawal: It is the student's responsibility to officially withdraw from a course if circumstances prevent attendance. Any student who desires to, or must, officially withdraw from a course after the first scheduled class meeting must file a Central Texas College Application for Withdrawal (CTC Form 59). The withdrawal form must be signed by the student. CTC Form 59 will be accepted at anytime prior to Friday of the 12th week of classes during the 16-week fall and spring semesters. The deadline for sessions of other lengths: 10-week session 8-week session 5-week session Friday of the 8th week Friday of the 6th week Friday of the 4th week The equivalent date (75% of the semester) will be used for sessions of other lengths. The specific last day to withdraw is published each semester in the Schedule Bulletin. A student who officially withdraws will be awarded the grade of "W", provided the student's attendance and academic performance are satisfactory at the time of official withdrawal. Students must file a withdrawal application with the college before they may be considered for withdrawal. A student may not withdraw from a class for which the instructor has previously issued the student a grade of "F" or "FN" for nonattendance. B. PHYS 2425 Administrative Withdrawal: An administrative withdrawal may be initiated when the student fails to meet College attendance requirements. The instructor will assign the appropriate grade on the Administrative Withdrawal Form for submission to the registrar. 3 V. C. Incomplete Grade: The College catalog states, "An incomplete grade may be given in those cases where the student has completed the majority of the course work but, because of personal illness, death in the immediate family, or military orders, the student is unable to complete the requirements for a course..." Prior approval from the instructor is required before the grade of "I" for Incomplete is recorded. A student who merely fails to show for the final examination will receive a zero for the final and an "F" for the course. D. Cellular Phones And Beepers: Cellular phones and beepers will be turned off while the student is in the classroom or laboratory. E. American’s With Disabilities Act (ADA): Disability Support Services provides services to students who have appropriate documentation of a disability. Students requiring accommodations for class are responsible for contacting the Office of Disability Support Services (DSS) located on the central campus. This service is available to all students, regardless of location. Review the website at www.ctcd.edu/disability-support for further information. Reasonable accommodations will be given in accordance with the federal and state laws through the DSS office. F. Instructor Discretion: The instructor reserves the right of final decision in course requirements. G. Civility: Individuals are expected to be cognizant of what a constructive educational experience is and respectful of those participating in a learning environment. Failure to do so can result in disciplinary action up to and including expulsion. COURSE OUTLINE A. Lesson One: Measurement, Units, Vectors, and Scalars 1. Unit Objectives: Upon successful completion of this lesson, the student will: a. b. c. d. 2. Learning Activities: a. b. c. PHYS 2425 Explain basic technique of measurement. Assign unit of measurement to various physical quantities encountered in everyday life. Change units from one system to another. Handle vector algebra. Lecture/discussion/demonstrations Homework assignments Laboratory experiments 4 d. 3. Lesson Outline: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. B. Techniques involved in measurement Standard of all measurable physical quantities MKS, CGS and FPS system of measurement The SI system, SI base units used in mechanics, and SI prefixes Change of units and conversion factor Concept of length, mass, and time The Atomic Mass Unit Difference between vectors and scalars Addition and subtraction of vectors The resolution of vectors into their components Physical meaning of unit vectors Cross-product and dot-product of vectors Vectors and the laws of physics Lesson Two: Motion, and Newton's Laws 1. Learning Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this lesson, the student will: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. 2. 3. Define speed, velocity, and acceleration. Use equations for motion with constant acceleration to solve onedimensional problems involving velocity and acceleration. Explain the concept of free-fall. Define motion in two and three dimensions. Write the vector definitions of position, velocity, and acceleration. Work problems involving motion in two dimensions - protective motion. Explain motion from different reference frames. State Newton's Laws of Motion. Describe the types of forces in nature. Learning Activities: a. b. c. d. PHYS 2425 Chapters 1 and 3 of the textbook Lecture/discussion/demonstrations Homework assignments Laboratory experiments Chapters 2 and 4, 5, 6 of the textbook Lesson Outline: 5 a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. C. Lesson Three: Work and Energy 1. Learning Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this lesson, the student will: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. 2. 3. Define work. Identify energy to work done. Explain the difference between work, energy, and power. Calculate work done by a Spring System. Write the conservation of energy laws. Differentiate between potential and kinetic energy. Explain the meaning of conservative and non-conservative forces. Explain the quantization of energy. Work problems involving conservation of energy. Learning Activities: a. b. c. d. PHYS 2425 Motion in one-dimension (speed, velocity, acceleration) The kinematics equations Free-falling objects Vector definitions of position, velocity and acceleration Motion in two and three dimensions Projectile motion--equation of the path (trajectory) and the range Uniform circular motion Relative motion in one and two dimensions Newton's First Law Law of inertia and inertial reference frame Force, mass, and weight Newton's Second Law Newton's Third Law Some examples of Newton's laws Friction The laws of friction Solving problems on friction The drag force and the terminal speed Lecture/discussion/demonstrations Homework assignments Laboratory experiments Chapters 7 and 8 of the textbook Lesson Outline: 6 a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. D. Lesson Four: System of Particles and Collisions 1. Learning Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this lesson, the student will: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. 2. 3. Define center of mass. Describe the motion of the center of mass in some instances. Define linear momentum. Explain conservation of linear momentum. Work problems involving conservation of momentum. Understand collision. See the difference between Impulse and Momentum. Distinguish between elastic and inelastic collision. Work problems involving collisions in one and two dimensions. Learning Activities: a. b. c. d. Lecture/discussion/demonstrations Homework assignments Laboratory experiments Chapters 9 of the textbook Lesson Outline: a. PHYS 2425 Definition and unit of work Work done by a constant force Work done by a variable force Work done by a spring Definition and unit of kinetic energy Work-Energy Theorem Proof of the Work-Energy Theorem Kinetic energy at high speeds Definition and unit of power Reference frames The Spring force (Hooke's Law); The Force of Gravity and The Frictional Force - a close look at these three forces Definition and unit of potential energy Conservative and non-conservative forces The potential energy curves The conservation of energy Mass and energy. (E=mc2) Energy is quantized Definition of the center of mass 7 b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. E. Lesson Five: Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum 1. Learning Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this lesson, the student will: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. 2. 3. Define angular position, velocity and acceleration. Distinguish between linear and angular variables. Calculate rotational inertia. State the Newton's Second Law for rotation. Define torque. Define angular momentum. Explain the relationship between torque and angular momentum. Work problems involving conservation of angular momentum. Solve moment of inertia problems. Work problems involving rotational kinetic energy. Learning Activities: a. b. c. d. Lecture/discussion/demonstrations Homework assignments Laboratory experiments Chapters 10 and 11 of the textbook Lesson Outline: a. b. c. d. PHYS 2425 Motion of the center of mass Definition and unit of linear momentum Linear momentum and Newton's Second Law Momentum at very high speeds Newton's Second Law for a system of particles Conservation of linear momentum Variable Mass Systems Work-Energy Theorem for a system of particles What is a collision? Impulse and momentum Elastic collisions in one dimension Inelastic collisions in one dimension Collisions in two dimension Reactions and decay processes The rotational variables (position, velocity and acceleration) Equations of motion for constant angular acceleration The linear and the angular variables - a parallel Rotational kinetic energy 8 e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t. u. F. Lesson Six: Equilibrium, Elasticity, Gravitation, and Fluids 1. Learning Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this lesson, the student will: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. 2. 3. Use the static equations. Explain indeterminate structures. Define elasticity. Solve problems relating elastic properties of material. State Newton's Law of Gravitation. Solve problems on gravity. Describe planetary motions. Define fluid. Define pressure. Solve problems involving pressure distribution in a static liquid. Solve problems on Archimedes' Principle. Apply Bernoulli's equation. Learning Activities: a. b. c. d. PHYS 2425 Kinetic energy of a rotating rigid body The parallel-axis theorem Definition of torque Newton's Second Law for rotation Rotational work and energy Rotation - translation analogs Discovering the wheel Rolling - bodies The yo-yo Definition of angular momentum Newton's Second Law in angular form Angular momentum of a particle Angular momentum of a system of particles Rigid body angular momentum Conservation of angular momentum Precession of a top Quantized angular momentum Lecture/discussion/demonstrations Homework assignments Laboratory experiments Chapters 12, 13 and 14 of the textbook Lesson Outline: 9 a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t. u. v. w. x. y. z. aa. bb. cc. dd. ee. ff. gg. hh. ii. jj. kk. ll. mm. nn. oo. pp. qq. PHYS 2425 Equilibrium Conditions for static equilibrium The balance of forces The balance of torques Some physical examples of static equilibrium Example of indeterminate structure Elasticity Stress and strain Modules of elasticity Tension and compression Shearing Hydraulic compression Young's Modules E Shear Modules G Bulk Modules B Ultimate Strength Yield Strength Gravity Newton's Law of Gravitation The Gravitational Constant G The Gravitational behavior of uniform spherical shells Gravitation and the principle of superposition Free-fall acceleration Variations of g near the Earth's surface The Earth's crust is not uniform The Earth is not a sphere The Earth is rotating Gravitational potential energy Potential energy of a system Escape speed Planets and satellites Kepler's three laws Energy in planetary motion The principles of equivalence Fluid Density and pressure Some pressures Pressure distribution in a static liquid Directional independence The pressure of the atmosphere The Open-Tube Manometer Pascal's Principle Demonstration of Pascal's Principle 10 rr. ss. tt. uu. vv. ww. xx. G. Lesson Seven: Oscillation and Wave Motion 1. Learning Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this lesson, the student will: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. 2. 3. Explain the meaning of oscillation. Define simple harmonic motion (SHM). Solve SHM problems. Solve problems involving forced, damped harmonic motion. Describe wave motion. Solve problems involving wave motion. Solve problems involving the wave equation. Solve problems involving initial conditions. Discuss terminology related to wave motion. Solve problems involving traveling waves. Learning Activities: a. b. c. d. Lecture/discussion/demonstrations Homework assignments Laboratory experiments Chapters 15, 16 and 17 of the textbook Lesson Outline: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. PHYS 2425 Pascal's Principle and the hydraulic lever Archimedes' Principle The equilibrium of floating objects Fluids in motion The continuity equation Bernoulli's equation An application of Bernoulli's equation Describing oscillatory motion Simple harmonic motion (SHM) Some terminology SHM: The Force Law AN angular SH oscillator The simple pendulum SHM and uniform circular motion Damped SHM Forced oscillations and resonance Wave motion The wave equation - stretched string 11 l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t. u. v. w. x. y. z. aa. bb. cc. dd. H. Lesson Eight: Temperature, Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics 1. Learning Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this lesson, the student will: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. 2. 3. Define temperature. Measure temperature in different scales. Convert from one scale to another. Relate the measurement of temperature to thermal expansion of different materials. Define heat. Measure heat. Explain the relation between heat and work. Describe the heat transfer. Explain the First Law of Thermodynamics. Learning Activities: a. b. c. d. PHYS 2425 One solution - standing waves Traveling waves Wave number and wave length Frequency and period The speed of light Superposition Fourier's Theorem Signaling with waves Group Speed and Phase Speed Interference of waves Sound waves The speed of sound Sound intensity Sound level in decibels Modes of vibration Organ pipes Beats The Doppler Equation Shock wave Lecture/discussion/demonstrations Homework assignments Laboratory experiments Chapters 18 of the textbook Lesson Outline: 12 a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t. u. v. w. x. y. I. Lesson Nine: The Kinetic Theory of Gases and the Second Law of Thermodynamics 1. Learning Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this lesson, the student will be able to: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. 2. Identify Ideal Gas Theory. Solve problems on kinetic theory of gases. Define pressure and temperature from molecular view point. Describe equipartition of energy. Explain engines. Define second Law of Thermodynamics. Describe refrigerators. Solve problems on entropy. Learning Activities: a. PHYS 2425 Temperature The triple point of water - Kelvin Scale The Constant - Volume Gas Thermometer The International Practical Temperature Scale The Celsius and the Fahrenheit Scales Primary Fixed Points on the International Practical Temperature Scale Some corresponding temperature Thermal expansion Some coefficients of linear expansion Thermal expansion of liquids Thermal expansion - an atomic view The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Heat Measuring heat - units Heat capacity Specific heat capacity Molar heat capacity Heats of transformation Heat and work Work associated with volume change The First Law of Thermodynamics Application of the First Law Heat conduction Convection Radiation Lecture/discussion/demonstrations 13 b. c. d. 3. Homework assignments Laboratory experiments Chapters 19 and 20 of the textbook Lesson Outline: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t. The Avogadro constant Measuring the Avogadro constant An ideal gas Work done by an ideal gas Pressure and temperature--a molecular view Some molecular speeds at room temperature Temperature and kinetic energy The mean free path The Maxwell speed distribution The molar heat capacity at constant volume The molar heat capacity at constant pressure The equipartition theorem The Adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas Engines Refrigerators The second Law of Thermodynamics The Carnot cycle Carnot engine Entropy The Entropy statement of second law. Lesson Ten: Relativity 1. Learning Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this unit, the student will be able to: a. b. c. d. e. f. 2. PHYS 2425 Understand relative motion and reference frame. Remember the postulates of special theory of relativity. Explain four-dimensional space-time. Describe time dilation and length contraction. Understand Relativistic energy Use and define the following terms: Frame of Reference, Postulates of Relativity, Simultaneity, Time Dilation, The Twin-Paradox, Length contraction Learning Activities: 14 a. b. c. d. 3. Unit Outline: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. PHYS 2425 Lectures/discussions/demonstrations Homework assignments Laboratory experiments Chapter 37 in the text Galilean-Newtonian relativity The Michelson-Morley experiment Postulates of the special theory of relativity Simultaneity Time dilation and the Twin Paradox Length contraction Four dimensional space-time Mass increase The ultimate speed Mass and energy Relativistic addition of velocities Galilean and Lorentz Transformation The impact of special relativity 15