Download CLAS 311: Women in Classical Antiquity

CLAS 311:
Women in Classical Antiquity
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This course studies the lives of women in the ancient world. The major focus will be on Greece
and Rome, but we will take a brief look at women in other ancient Mediterranean cultures as well. The
course will emphasize in particular the analysis of the extremely various primary sources which deal with
women, perceptions of women, female experience and male-female relations. Women and the law,
women in society, characterizations of women in art and literature, and ancient ideas about the biology of
women are among some of the diverse topics that will be discussed.
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Instructor:
Professor Sheila Ager, ML 241, x32943
[email protected]
Office hours: 2:30-3:30 T; 12:00-1:00 R
Term:
Winter 2011
Time:
TR 1:00-2:30, HH 227
Texts:
1. E. Fantham et al., Women in the Classical World (1994).
2. M. Lefkowitz/M. Fant, Women’s Life in Greece and Rome (3rd edition, 2005).
Req’ts:
1. Midterm test (30%; Thursday, February 17)
2. Essay (30%; due Thursday, March 31)
3. Final examination (40%)
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Learning Outcomes and Course Objectives:
The main objective of this course is for students to become familiar with some of the most
important aspects of ancient social history, specifically the lives of women and the relations between
women and men. In addition to gaining such factual familiarity, students will deepen their awareness of
methodologies such as source interpretation and criticism as they apply to the study of antiquity. The
writing assignment (course essay) will enable students to develop their research and analytical skills and
engage the particular challenges of interpreting variegated and problematic evidence.
Expectations in the classroom:
There are certain rules of courtesy in the classroom which must be observed. Arriving late or
leaving early, and talking or otherwise being disruptive during the lecture, are behaviours that are both
discourteous to the other members of the class, and distracting to the instructor. You may use a laptop to
take course notes if you like, but please note that using it during class time for purposes unrelated to the
course (e.g., Twitter, Facebook) is discourteous and distracting to other people in the class. Finally, please
do not leave cell phones or other electronic devices on during the lectures.
Test/exam regulations:
Students are encouraged to consult the University examination regulations for information about
various rules governing the conduct of midterms and final examinations. Makeup tests/exams will only be
given when the student offers a documented medical reason for missing the test or exam in question.
Other reasons, such as travel plans, do not constitute a valid reason for being granted a makeup. It is also
vital that students realize their own responsibility in informing the instructor promptly (preferably prior to
missing the test/exam, but certainly no more than 24 hours after it).
University Policies on Academic Integrity and Student Discipline and Grievance:
Academic Integrity: in order to maintain a culture of academic integrity, members of the
University of Waterloo community are expected to promote honesty, trust, fairness, respect and
responsibility. [Check www.uwaterloo.ca/academicintegrity/ for more information].
Grievance: A student who believes that a decision affecting some aspect of his/her university life
has been unfair or unreasonable may have grounds for initiating a grievance. Read Policy 70, Student
Petitions and Grievances, Section 4, www.adm.uwaterloo.ca/infosec/Policies/policy70.htm. When in
doubt please be certain to contact the department‟s administrative assistant who will provide further
assistance.
Discipline: A student is expected to know what constitutes academic integrity [check
www.uwaterloo.ca/academicintegrity/], to avoid committing academic offences, and to take responsibility
for his/her actions. A student who is unsure whether an action constitutes an offence, or who needs help in
learning how to avoid offences (e.g., plagiarism, cheating) or about “rules” for group work/collaboration
should seek guidance from the course professor, academic advisor, or the Undergraduate Associate Dean.
For information on categories of offences and types of penalties, students should refer to Policy 71,
Student Discipline, www.adm.uwaterloo.ca/infosec/Policies/policy71.htm. For typical penalties check
Guidelines for the Assessment of Penalties, www.adm.uwaterloo.ca/infosec/guidelines/penaltyguidelines.
htm.
Students are encouraged to check the website “Avoiding Academic Offences”. It is important for
students to be aware that one may commit plagiarism inadvertently, through ignorance of appropriate
citation methods, so checking this website prior to submitting a paper in any course is to the student‟s
advantage: http://arts.uwaterloo.ca/arts/ugrad/academic_responsibility.html.
Appeals: A decision made or penalty imposed under Policy 70 (Student Petitions and
Grievances) (other than a petition) or Policy 71 (Student Discipline) may be appealed if there is a ground.
A student who believes he/she has a ground for an appeal should refer to Policy 72 (Student Appeals)
www.adm.uwaterloo.ca/infosec/Policies/policy72.htm.
Note for Students with Disabilities: The Office for Persons with Disabilities (OPD), located in Needles
Hall, Room 1132, collaborates with all academic departments to arrange appropriate accommodations for
students with disabilities without compromising the academic integrity of the curriculum. If you require
academic accommodations to lessen the impact of your disability, please register with the OPD at the
beginning of each academic term.
Tentative Schedule of Lectures and Readings
Week
Lecture
Readings
January 4-6
Introduction. Sources and
Methodologies. The Prehistoric
Context.
January 11-13
The Bronze Age I: The Near East,
Egypt, and the Aegean.
January 18-20
Women in Transition I: Archaic Greece.
Sappho of Lesbos.
WCW pp. 5-55; WLGR #1-#6, #36, #54#58.
January 25-27
Women in Democratic Athens I
WCW pp. 68-127; WLGR #64-#65; #78#84, #88-#89; #267, #329-#332.
February 1-3
Women in Democratic Athens II.
Spartan Women I.
WCW pp. 56-67; WLGR #72-#74, #97#99, #202, #401.
February 8-10
Spartan Women II. Women of “the
Other”.
WCW pp. 128-35; WLGR #74.
February 15-17
Midterm.
February 21-25
Reading Week.
March 1-3
Mythic Images of Women.
WLGR #28-#34, #59-#61, #63, #74.
March 8-10
Women in Transition II: The Hellenistic
World. Etruscan Women.
WCW pp. 136-82, 243-59; WLGR #35,
#91-#94, #100, #101, #194, #217, #229,
#238, #249, #306, #415.
March 15-17
Roman Republican Women: Myth and
Reality.
WCW pp. 211-42, 260-93; WLGR #39,
#43, #51-#53, #73, #107-#109, #111,
#114, #117, #123, 165-#168, #173#174, #176, #178-#179, #258-#261.
March 22-24
Women in the Empire: Early and Late.
WCW pp. 296-394; WLGR #112, #120#129, #144, #147, #177, #180, #210,
#211, #265-#266, #441-#451.
March 29-31
Biological Constructs.
WCW pp. 183-205; WLGR #97, #338#339, #341-#343, #349, #351, #353#357, #361-#362, #406.
Note: The readings in our two texts are not evenly distributed among the topics that we will be discussing
in class; in weeks where there are little or no reading assignments, you are therefore encouraged to read
ahead so that you will not have massive amounts of reading to do at once.
The Course Essay: Topics and Methodology
The course essay (which is due Thursday, March 31) should be about 3000 words in length
(about 12 pages long, double-spaced).
I have certain expectations regarding the approach and the structure of your essay, and rather than
have you try to guess what they are, I want to direct you to the essay writing guide that on our
departmental Web page (http://www.classics.uwaterloo.ca/essays.htm). It discusses such matters as how
to get started on your research; the proper use of primary and secondary sources; how and when to make
citations (footnotes/endnotes); how to approach analysis, and so on. Since I wrote this myself, modesty
forbids me to claim that it is the ultimate in essay guides; but it was written specifically with a view to
how to approach essays in Classical Studies, and it does reflect what I look for in a student‟s paper. Please
note that you should be using articles in addition to monographs; if you need any guidance in this (or in
anything else), please don‟t hesitate to contact me.
The following is a list of suggested topics for the essay. While I am not opposed in principle to
the possibility of a different topic, you must discuss your ideas with me first; otherwise, I‟m afraid I will
be unable to accept the paper. As you can see, some of these topics are quite general, and require
narrowing down; see me to discuss this.
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The economic rights of women within a selected period
The legal rights of women within a selected period
Greek writers on Spartan women
The seclusion of women in Classical Athens
Contraception/abortion in antiquity
The theories of Engels in the context of women of Classical cultures
Women in Aeschylus or Sophocles or Euripides
Plato‟s attitude towards women
Aristotle‟s attitude towards women
The Vestal Virgins
Contrast and compare Greek and Roman guardianship
The tombstones of women
Prostitution in the Roman world
A biography of a specific eminent woman (clear the individual chosen with me)
Course Bibliography
Articles and monographs
The bibliography included here is (believe it or not) actually quite limited; you should also
consult the course texts (as well as any of the works listed here) for more extensive bibliographical
references. I would especially urge you to look at the great variety of articles included in the essay
anthologies given below. There are also some separately published bibliographical works: L. Goodwater
Women in antiquity: an annotated bibliography (1975); S.B. Pomeroy “Selected bibliography of women
in antiquity” Arethusa vi (1973) 125-57 (also in Peradotto/Sullivan); E. Fantham “Women in antiquity: a
selective (and subjective) survey 1979-84” Echos du monde classique/Classical Views xxx (1986) 1-24;
A.-M. Vérilhac/C. Vial La femme dans le monde méditerranéen ii: la femme grecque et romaine.
Bibliographie (Lyon/Paris 1990). Furthermore, remember that many general works on ancient society,
religion, etc., will have sections dealing with women. Note too that although this bibliography is divided
into topical sections, many works cross subject boundaries – cast your net wide.
Electronic resources
Electronic resources for the study of women in antiquity are best represented in the site known as
Diotima: Materials for the study of women and gender in the ancient world (www.stoa.org/diotima/). This
is the site par excellence for material on women in antiquity, and provides extensive topic-oriented
bibliographies as well as lots of other fascinating stuff.
There are particular problems involved with the use of electronic materials. Web pages are not
peer-reviewed in the same way traditional publications are. Before employing any web site, consult the
essay writing guide on the use of web materials. Anyone can put up anything, and very frequently there‟s
not even any way of telling who put it up. A general rule of thumb: if you can’t find an individual’s name
attached to something, then it shouldn’t be part of your research.
Please note: URLs (electronic web addresses) tend to shift and get outdated. The best thing to do
if you can‟t find a site is do some web searching for it using a general search engine. If you notice at any
time that URLs I have given you are out of date, please let me know. If you are citing a web site in your
essays, please ensure that you give very full and correct information (see the section on citing electronic
resources under essay guidelines); a site is useless if your reader cannot also access it.
Collections of Original Sources (in translation)
R.S. Kraemer (ed.) Maenads, martyrs, matrons, monastics: a sourcebook on women’s religions in the
Greco-Roman world (1988)
M.R. Lefkowitz/M.B. Fant (eds.) Women’s life in Greece and Rome3 (2005)
J. Rowlandson (ed.) Women and society in Greek and Roman Egypt: a sourcebook (1998)
Collections of Essays/General Works
L.J. Archer et al. (eds.) Women in ancient societies: an illusion of the night (1994)
J.P.V.D. Balsdon Roman women: their history and habits (1962)
J. Blok/P. Mason (eds.) Sexual asymmetry: studies in ancient society (1987)
S. Blundell Women in ancient Greece (1995)
C.B. Brettell/C.F. Sargent (eds.) Gender in cross-cultural perspective (1993)
A. Cameron/A. Kuhrt (eds.) Images of women in antiquity (1983)
E. Cantarella Pandora’s daughters: the role and status of women in Greek and Roman antiquity (1987)
G. Clark Women in late antiquity (1993)
F. Dahlberg Woman the gatherer (1981)
M. DeForest (ed.) Woman’s power, man’s game: essays on Classical antiquity in honor of Joy King
(1993)
M.R. Ehrenberg Women in prehistory (1989)
E. Fantham et al., Women in the Classical world (1994)
H.P. Foley (ed.) Reflections of women in antiquity (1981)
J. Gero/M. Conkey (eds.) Engendering archaeology: women and prehistory (1991)
P. Grimal (ed.) Histoire mondiale de la femme i: préhistoire et antiquité (1974)
R. Hawley/B. Levick (eds.) Women in antiquity: new assessments (1995)
S. Joshel/S. Murnaghan (eds.) Women and slaves in Greco-Roman culture: differential equations (1998)
A. Lardinois/L. McClure (eds.) Making Silence Speak: Women’s Voices in Greek Literature and Society,
Princeton 2001
L. Larsson Lovén (ed.) Aspects of women in antiquity (1998)
G. Lerner The creation of patriarchy (1986)
I. McAuslan/P. Walcot (eds.) Women in antiquity (1996)
B. McManus Classics and feminism: gendering the Classics (1997)
P. Schmitt Pantel (ed.) A history of women in the west i: From ancient goddesses to Christian saints
(1992)
J. Peradotto/J.P. Sullivan (eds.) Women in the ancient world: the Arethusa papers (1984)
S.B. Pomeroy Goddesses, whores, wives and slaves (1975)
_____ Women in Hellenistic Egypt from Alexander to Cleopatra (1984)
S.B. Pomeroy (ed.) Women’s history and ancient history (1991)
N.S. Rabinowitz/A. Richlin (eds.) Feminist theory and the classics (1993)
G. Robins Women in ancient Egypt (1993)
M.Z. Rosaldo/L. Lamphere (eds.) Woman, culture and society (1974)
M. Skinner (ed.) Rescuing Creusa. New methodological approaches to women in antiquity (1987)
A.-M. Vérilhac La femme dans le monde méditerranéen i: Antiquité (1985)
B. Vivante (ed.) Women’s roles in ancient civilizations: a reference guide (1999)
Women in Myth, Literature, Philosophy and Art
J. Annas “Plato‟s Republic and feminism” Philosophy li (1976) 307-21
N. Auerbach Communities of women: an idea in fiction (1978)
R.E. Bell Women of Classical mythology: a biographical dictionary (1991)
E.E. Best “Cicero, Livy and educated Roman women” Classical journal lxv (1970) 199-204
S. des Bouvrie Women in Greek tragedy: an anthropological approach (1990)
L. Bowman “The „women‟s tradition” in Greek poetry,” Phoenix 58 (2004) 1-27
F.S.J. Brenk “Hesiod: how much a male chauvinist?” Classical bulletin xlix (1973) 73-76
N. Broude/M.D. Garrard (eds.) Feminism and art history (1982)
V.L. Bullough et al. (eds.) The subordinated sex: a history of attitudes toward women2 (1988)
R.S. Caldwell “The misogyny of Eteocles” Arethusa vi (1973) 197-231
B. Calvert “Plato and the equality of women” Phoenix xxix (1975) 231f.
S.R.L. Clark “Aristotle‟s woman” History of political thought iii.2 (1982) 177-91
S. Deacy “Athena and the Amazons: mortal and immortal femininity in Greek myth” pp. 153-68 in A.B.
Lloyd (ed.) What is a god? (1997)
L.E. Doherty Siren songs: gender, audiences, and narrators in the Odyssey (1995)
W. Doniger Splitting the difference: gender and myth in ancient Greece and India (1999)
K. Dowden Death and the maiden: girls’ initiation rites in Greek mythology (1989)
P. DuBois “On Horse/men, Amazons and endogamy” Arethusa xii (1979) 35-49
_____ Sowing the body: psychoanalysis and ancient representations of women (1988)
C. Eller The Myth of Matriarchal Prehistory: Why an Invested Past Won’t Give Women a Future (2000)
E. Fantham “Sex, status and survival in Hellenistic Athens: a study of women in new comedy” Phoenix
xxix (1975) 44-74
N. Felson-Rubin Regarding Penelope: from character to poetics (1994)
H.P. Foley “The female intruder reconsidered: women in Aristophanes‟ Lysistrata and Ecclesiazusae”
Classical philology lxxvii (1982) 1-21
_____ Female Acts in Greek Tragedy (2001)
C.A. Freeland (ed.) Feminist interpretations of Aristotle (1998)
A. Giacomelli “Aphrodite and after” Phoenix xxxiv (1980) pp. 1-19
C. Glenn Muted voices from antiquity through the Renaissance: locating women in the rhetorical
tradition (1989)
M.E. Harding Woman’s mysteries, ancient and modern: a psychological interpretation of the feminine
principle as portrayed in myth, story and dreams (1955)
G. Holst-Warhaft Dangerous voices: women’s laments and Greek literature (1992)
N.B. Kampen (ed.) Sexuality in ancient art (1996)
A.W. Kleinbaum The war against the Amazons (1983)
A. Kolowski-Ostrow/C. Lyons (eds.) Naked truths: Women, sexuality and gender in Classical art and
archaeology (1997)
W.K. Lacey “Homeric hedna and Penelope‟s kurios” Journal of Hellenic studies lxxxvi (1966) 55-68
M.R. Lefkowitz Heroines and hysterics (1981)
_____ Women in Greek myth (1986)
S. Lewis The Athenian woman: an iconographic handbook (2002)
S. Lilja The Roman elegists’ attitude to women (1965)
H. Lloyd-Jones Females of the species: Semonides on women (1975)
N. Loraux Tragic ways of killing a woman (1987)
_____ Children of Athena (1993)
R. Mayhew The female in Aristotle’s biology. Reason or rationalization (2004)
L. McClure Spoken Like a Woman: Speech and Gender in Athenian Drama (1999)
M. Merck “The city‟s achievements: the patriotic Amazonomachy and ancient Athens” in Tearing the veil
(S. Lipschitz, ed.; 1978)
J. Mossman, Judith. (2001) “Women‟s speech in Greek tragedy: the case of Electra and Clytemnestra in
Euripides‟ Electra,” CQ 51 (2001): 374-384
A.L. Motto “Seneca on women‟s liberation” Classical world lxv (1972) 155-57
L. O‟Higgins Women and Humor in Classical Greece (2003)
S.M. Okin Women in western political thought (1979)
K. Ormand Exchange and the Maiden: Marriage in Sophoclean Tragedy (1999)
N.S. Rabinowitz “Female speech and female sexuality: Euripides‟ Hippolytus as model,” Helios 13
(1986): 127-40.
_____ Anxiety veiled: Euripides and the traffic in women (1993)
E.D. Reeder (ed.) Pandora: women in Classical Greece (1996)
A. Richlin (ed.) Pornography and representation in Greece and Rome (1992)
G.M.A. Richter Korai: Archaic Greek maidens. A study of the development of the kore type in Greek
sculpture (1968)
B. Ridgway “Greek women and art” American journal of archaeology xci (1987) 399-409
T. Saavedra “Women as focalizers of barbarism in conquest texts” EMC/CV 43 (1999) 59-77
A.W. Saxonhouse “The philosopher and the female in the political thought of Plato” Political theory iv
(1976) 195-212
_____ “Men, women, war and politics: family and polis in Aristophanes and Euripides” Political theory
viii (1980) 65-81
_____ Women in the history of political thought (1985)
A. Scafuro, “Discourses of Sexual Violation in Mythic Accounts and Dramatic Versions of „The Girl‟s
Tragedy‟,” differences: a journal of feminist cultural studies 2, (1990) 126-59
L. Schear “Semonides fr. 7: wives and their husbands” Echos du monde classique/Classical views xxviii
(1984) pp. 39f.
M. Shaw “The female intruder: women in fifth century drama” Classical philology lxx (1975) 255-66
P. Slater “The Greek family in history and myth” Arethusa vii (1974) 9-44
J.M. Snyder The woman and the lyre: women writers in Classical Greece and Rome (1989)
C.E. Sorum “The family in Sophocles‟ Antigone and Electra” Classical world lxxv (1982) 201-11
L.K. Taaffe Aristophanes and women (1993)
W.B. Tyrrell Amazons: a study in Athenian mythmaking (1984)
M.S. Venit “Women in their cups” The Classical World 92 (1998) 117-30
G. Vidén Women in Roman literature (1993)
D. Von Bothmer Amazons in Greek art (1957)
P. Walcot “Greek attitudes towards women: the mythological evidence” Greece and Rome xxxi (1984)
37-47
T. Wiedemann “Thucydides, women and the limits of rational analysis” Greece and Rome xxx (1983)
163-70
S. Wiersma “Women in Sophocles” Mnemosyne xxxvii (1984) 25-55
R.P. Winnington-Ingram “Sophocles and women” in Sophocle (ed. J. de Romilly; 1983) 233-57
V. Wohl Intimate Commerce: Exchange, Gender and Subjectivity in Greek Tragedy (1998)
S.E. Wood Imperial women: a study in public images, 40 BC - AD 68 (1999)
F.A. Wright Feminism in Greek literature from Homer to Aristotle (1923; 1969)
F.I. Zeitlin Playing the other: gender and society in Classical Greek literature (1996)
B. Zweig “The mute nude female characters in Aristophanes‟ plays,” in Pornography and Representation
in Greece and Rome, ed. Amy Richlin. New York and Oxford 1992: 73-89.
Women and Religion
M. Beard “The sexual status of Vestal Virgins” Journal of Roman studies lxx (1980) 12-27
E.A. Clark Women in the early church (1983)
J.B. Connelly Portrait of a Priestess: Women and Ritual in Ancient Greece (2007)
M. Dillon Girls and Women in Classical Greek Religion (2002)
A. Henrichs “Greek maenadism from Olympias to Messalina” Harvard studies in Classical philology
lxxxii (1978) 121-60
S.K. Heyob The cult of Isis among women in the Graeco-Roman world (1975)
W.B. Ingalls “Ritual performance as training for daughters in archaic Greece” Phoenix 54 (2000) 1-20
E.O. James The cult of the mother goddess (1959)
U. King (ed.) Women in the world’s religions, past and present (1987)
D.R. Kinsley The goddesses’ mirror (1988)
R.S. Kraemer Her share of the blessings: women’s religions among the pagans, Jews and Christians in
the Greco-Roman world (1992)
J. Laporte The role of women in early Christianity (1982)
J. Larson Greek heroine cults (1995)
J. Lougovaya-Ast “Myrrhine, the first priestess of Athena Nike,” Phoenix 60 (2006): 211-25.
H.N. Parker “Why Were the Vestals Virgins? Or the Chastity of Women and the Safety of the Roman
State,” The American Journal of Philology, 125, (2004) 563-601
N. Serwint “The Female Athletic Costume at the Heraia and Prenuptial Initiation Rites,” American
Journal of Archaeology, 97 (1993) 403-422
B. Witherington Women and the genesis of Christianity (1990)
F. Zeitlin “Cultic models of the female: rites of Dionysos and Demeter” Arethusa xv (1982) 129-55
Women in Law, Society and Politics
M.B. Arthur “Liberated women: the Classical era” in Becoming visible: women in European history (eds.
R. Bridenthal/C. Koonz; 1974)
J.J. Aubert/B. Sirks (eds.) Speculum iuris: Roman law as a reflection of social and economic life in
antiquity (2002)
R.S. Bagnall “Women, law and social realities in late antiquity: a review article” Bulletin of the American
Society of Papyrologists xxxii (1995) 65-86
E.J.W. Barber Women’s work: the first 20,000 years (1994)
A.A. Barrett Agrippina: mother of Nero (1996)
_____ Livia: first lady of imperial Rome (2002)
E. Bartman “Hair and the Artifice of Roman Female Adornment,”American Journal of Archaeology 105
(2001) 1-25
R.A. Bauman Women and politics in ancient Rome (1992)
R. Berg et al. (eds.) Women, wealth and power in the Roman empire (2002)
S. Blundell Women in classical Athens (1998)
K. Bradley Discovering the Roman family (1991)
R. van Bremen The limits of participation: women and civic life in the Greek east (1996)
J. Burton “Women's Commensality in the Ancient Greek World,” Greece & Rome, 45 (1998) 143-165
A.C. Bush/J.J. McHugh “Patterns of Roman marriage” Ethnology xiv (1975) 25-45
A. Cameron “The exposure of children and Greek ethics” Classical review xlvi (1996) 105-14
B. Campbell “The marriage of soldiers under the empire” Journal of Roman studies lxviii (1978) 153-66
P. Cartledge “Spartan wives: liberation or licence?” Classical quarterly xxxi (1981) 84-105
R.G. Cluett “Roman women and triumviral politics, 43-37 BC” EMC/CV 42 (1998) 67-84
K. Cooper The virgin and the bride: idealized womanhood in late antiquity (1999)
J.A. Crook The law and life of Rome (1967)
D. Daube Roman law: linguistic, social and philosophical aspects (1969)
G.E.M. De Ste. Croix “Some observations on the property rights of Athenian women” Classical review
xx (1970) 273-78
S. Deacy/K. Pierce (eds.) Rape in antiquity: sexual violence in the Greek and Roman worlds (1997)
M. Dillon “Did parthenoi attend the Olympic Games?” Hermes 128 (2000) 457-80
S. Dixon “A family business: women‟s role in patronage and politics at Rome, 80-44 B.C.” Classica et
Mediaevalia xxxiv (1983) 91-112
_____ “Polybius on Roman women and property” American journal of philology cvi (1985) 147-70
_____ The Roman family (1992)
P. DuBois Centaurs and Amazons: women and the pre-history of the great chain of being (1982)
D. Engels “The problem of infanticide in the Greco-Roman world” Classical philology lxxv (1980) 11220
J.K. Evans War, women and children in ancient Rome (1991)
M.I. Finley “The silent women of Rome” in Aspects of antiquity (1968) 129-42
M.B. Flory “The integration of women into the Roman triumph” Historia 47 (1998) 489-94
L. Foxhall “The law and the lady: women and legal proceedings in Classical Athens,” in Greek Law in its
Political Setting, eds. L. Foxhall and A.D.E. Lewis. Oxford 1996: 134-52.
A. Fraschetti (ed.)/L. Lappin (trans.) Roman women (2001)
E. Friedl “The position of women: appearance and reality” Anthropological quarterly xl (1967) 97-108
M. Gagarin “Women‟s voices in Attic oratory,” in Making Silence Speak: Women’s Voices in Greek
Literature and Society, eds. Andre Lardinois and L. McClure. Princeton 2001: 161-76.
J.F. Gardner Women in Roman law and society (1991)
_____ Family and familia in Roman law and life (1998)
M. Golden “Demography and the exposure of girls at Athens” Phoenix xxxv (1981) 316-31
A.W. Gomme “The position of women in the 5th and 4th century BC” in Essays in Greek history and
literature (1937) 89-115
J.J. Gould “Law, custom and myth: aspects of the social position of women in Classical Athens” Journal
of Hellenic studies c (1980) 38-59
M. Grant Cleopatra (1972)
A.S. Gratwick “Free or not so free? Wives and daughters in the late Roman republic” in Marriage and
property (ed. E.M. Craik; 1984) 30-53
J.P. Hallett Fathers and daughters in Roman society (1984)
A.R.W. Harrison The law of Athens: the family and property (1968)
E. Hemelrijk Matrona docta: educated women in the Roman elite (1999)
D. Hobson “Women and property owners in Roman Egypt” Transactions of the American Philological
Association cxiii (1983) 311-21
_____ “The role of women in the economic life of Roman Egypt” Echos du monde classique/Classical
Views xxviii (1984) pp. 373f.
S.J. Humphreys The family, women and death: comparative studies2 (1993)
V. Hunter “Women‟s authority in Classical Athens” Echos du monde classique/Classical Views xxxiii
(1989) pp. 39f.
W. Ingalls “Paida vean malista: when did Athenian girls really marry?” Mouseion 45 (2001) 17-29
R. Just Women in Athenian law and life (1989)
N. Kampen Image and status: Roman working women in Ostia (1981)
E. Keuls The reign of the phallus: sexual politics in ancient Athens (1985)
A. Kosmopoulou “„Working women‟: female professionals on classical Attic gravestones” BSA 96 (2001)
281-319
W.K. Lacey The family in Classical Greece (1968)
W.L. Langer “Infanticide: a historical survey” History of childhood quarterly i (1973/74) 353-66
L. LiDonnici “Burning for It: Erotic Spells for Fever and Compulsion in the Ancient Mediterranean
World,” Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies 39 (1998) 63-98
N. Loraux The children of Athena: Athenian ideas about citizenship and the division between the sexes
(1993)
R. MacMullen “Women in public in the Roman empire” Historia xxix (1980) 208-18
G. Macurdy Hellenistic Queens (1932)
R. Omitowoju Rape and the politics of consent in classical Athens (2002)
C.B. Patterson The family in Greek history (1998)
S.B. Pomeroy “Technikai kai Mousikai: the education of women in the fourth century and in the
Hellenistic period” American journal of ancient history ii (1977) 51-68
_____ Spartan women (2002)
L.A. Post “Women‟s place in Menander‟s Athens” Transactions of the American Philological
Association lxxi (1940) 420-59
B. Rawson “Family life among the lower classes at Rome in the first two centuries of the empire”
Classical philology lxi (1966) 71-83
_____ “Roman concubinage and other de facto marriages” Transactions of the American Philological
Association civ (1974) 279-305
B. Rawson (ed.) The family in ancient Rome: new perspectives (1986)
_____ Marriage, divorce and children in ancient Rome (1991)
B. Rawson/P. Weaver (eds.) The Roman family in Italy: status, sentiment, space (1997)
J. Redfield “The women of Sparta” Classical journal lxxiii (1978) 146-61
D.C. Richter “The position of women in Classical Athens” Classical journal lxvii (1971) 1-8
R.P. Saller “Familia, domus and the Roman conception of the family” Phoenix xxxviii (1984) pp. 336f.
_____ Patriarchy, property and death in the Roman family (1994)
J. Samson Nefertiti and Cleopatra: queen-monarchs of ancient Egypt (1985)
D.M. Schaps “The woman least mentioned: etiquette and women‟s names” Classical quarterly xxvii
(1977) 323-30
_____ Economic rights of women in ancient Greece (1979)
_____ “Women in Greece in wartime” Classical philology lxxvii (1982) 193-213
_____ “What was free about a free Athenian woman?” Transactions and proceedings of the American
Philological Association 128 (1998) 161-88
W. Scheidel “The most silent women of Greece and Rome: rural labour and women‟s life in the ancient
world” Greece and Rome xlii (1995) 202-17 and xliii (1996) 1-10
R. Sealey Women and law in Classical Greece (1990)
C. Seltman “The status of women in Athens” Greece and Rome ii (1955) 119-24
P. Setälä/L. Savunen (eds.) Female networks and the public sphere in Roman society (1999)
D.C.A. Shotter “Agrippina the Elder - a woman in a man‟s world” Historia 49 (2000) 341-57
P.E. Slater The glory of Hera: Greek mythology and the Greek family (1968)
C.G. Thomas “Matriarchy in early Greece: the Bronze and Dark Ages” Arethusa vi (1973) 173-95
W.E. Thompson “The marriage of first cousins in Athenian society” Phoenix xxi (1967) 273-82
_____ “Athenian marriage patterns: remarriage” California studies in Classical antiquity v (1972) 211-25
S. Treggiari Roman marriage: iusti coniuges from the time of Cicero to the time of Ulpian (1991)
G. Williams “Some aspects of Roman marriage ceremonies and ideals” Journal of Roman studies xlviii
(1958) 16-29
J.J. Winkler The constraints of desire: the anthropology of sex and gender in ancient Greece (1990)
S.E. Wood Imperial women: a study in public images, 40 BC - AD 68 (1999)
Medical Matters
P. Chesler Women and madness (1973)
N. Demand Birth, death and motherhood in Classical Greece (1994)
L. Dean-Jones Women’s bodies in Classical Greek science (1994)
S.K. Dickison “Abortion in antiquity” Arethusa vi (1973) 159-66
C.A. Faraone “New light on ancient Greek exorcisms of the wandering womb” ZPE 144 (2003) 189-97
N.E. Himes Medical history of contraception (1936; 1970)
M.C. Horowitz “Aristotle and women” Journal of the history of biology ix (1976) 183-213
R. Jackson Doctors and diseases in the Roman empire (1988)
H. King Hippocrates’ Woman: Reading the Female Body in Ancient Greece. 1998
J. Longrigg Greek medicine from the heroic to the Hellenistic age (1998)
J.S. Milne Surgical instruments in Greek and Roman times (1907)
E.D. Phillips Aspects of Greek medicine (1973)
J.M. Riddle Contraception and abortion from the ancient world to the Renaissance (1992)
J. Scarborough Roman medicine (1969)
B. Simon Mind and madness in ancient Greece (1978)
W.J. Watts “Ovid, the law and Roman society on abortion” Antiquité classique xvi (1973) 89-101
Sexuality
M. Beard and J. Henderson, “With this Body I Thee Worship: Sacred Prostitution in Antiquity,” Gender
and History 9 (1997) 480-503
E. Cantarella Bisexuality in the ancient world (1992)
S. Deacy/K. Pierce (eds.) Rape in antiquity: sexual violence in the Greek and Roman worlds (1997)
J. De Felice Roman hospitality: the professional women of Pompeii (2001)
K.J. Dover Greek homosexuality (1978)
C.A. Faraone and L.K. McClure, Prostitutes and Courtesans in the Ancient World (2006)
R. Flacelière Love in ancient Greece (1962)
R. Flemming “Quae corpore quaestum facit: the sexual economy of female prostitution in the Roman
empire” JRS 89 (1999) 38-61
P. Grimal Love in ancient Rome (1986)
J.P. Hallett/M.B. Skinner (eds.) Roman sexualities (1997)
D.M. Halperin et al. (eds.) Before sexuality: the construction of the erotic experience in the ancient Greek
world (1990)
N.B. Kampen (ed.) Sexuality in ancient art (1996)
O. Kiefer Sexual life in ancient Rome (1934; 1975)
A. Kolowski-Ostrow/C. Lyons (eds.) Naked truths: Women, sexuality and gender in Classical art and
archaeology (1997)
H. Licht Sexual life in ancient Greece (1934)
T.A.J. McGinn Prostitution, sexuality, and the law in ancient Rome (1998)
A. Richlin The garden of Priapus (1983)
A. Rousselle Porneia: on desire and the body in antiquity (1988)
G. Sissa Greek virginity (1990)
M.B. Skinner Sexuality in Greek and Roman Culture (2005)
R. Tannahill Sex in history (1981)
B.S. Thornton Eros: the myth of ancient Greek sexuality (1997)