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The Gender Matrix in Mary Wollstonecraft`s Letters
The Gender Matrix in Mary Wollstonecraft`s Letters

... again to understand history and human character, including her own. It is also a memoir of a woman struggling to win back her lover and to achieve peace of mind. (36) William Godwin makes a similarly nostalgic statement regarding the Scandinavian ...
Towards a Feminine/Feminist/Female Discourse of Virginia Woolf
Towards a Feminine/Feminist/Female Discourse of Virginia Woolf

... “I have the feeling of a woman, but I have only the language of men” (WW 67). Female writers were considered by Virginia Woolf as suffering the handicap of having to use a medium which is essentially a male instrument fashioned for male purposes. Since language is male-oriented, is there a form of l ...
Towards Different Law and Public Policy
Towards Different Law and Public Policy

... of the view that Article 5a of CEDAW offers an additional legal tool to combat discrimination against women, when compared with national Dutch and European Community law that prohibits discrimination on the ground of sex. This study (which will also be published in the Dutch language) aims to stimul ...
Hysteria, Feminism, and Gender Revisited
Hysteria, Feminism, and Gender Revisited

... At one level, the “reclaiming” of hysteria in feminist theory and criticism is the logical obverse of its removal at the same moment from the medical discourse of the dsm. Both gestures suggest that what is called hysteria is not a clinically diagnosable condition—what, in effect, the dsm undertakes ...
this PDF file - University of Alberta Libraries
this PDF file - University of Alberta Libraries

... theory of moral individualism per se. His concerns continue to have contemporary relevance. Durkheim is aware that the modern diversity of values, beliefs, and individual experiences defies the capacity of traditional religions to unite whole societies into moral communities (Cristi 2009:72). He bel ...
`Garvey`s Ghost` : Conservative Gender, RastafarI, and Reggae in
`Garvey`s Ghost` : Conservative Gender, RastafarI, and Reggae in

... respectability,  repatriation  to  Africa  and  a  rejection  of  the  corrupting  principles   of  the  white  race  were  in  line  with  Garvey’s  teaching.    And,  while  modern  day   Rastafarians  do  not  necessarily  follow  the ...
Margaret Sanger:Eugenics vs Feminism
Margaret Sanger:Eugenics vs Feminism

... understand the struggles that many women were presented with. Sanger saw everything “from herb tea to turpentine and patent medicines. They rolled downstairs or inserted button hooks and knitting needles into their bodies” (Margaret Sanger: Pioneer of the Future 31). Desperate women paid five dollar ...
Buddhist Literatures: Newar Buddhist Literature: The Significance of
Buddhist Literatures: Newar Buddhist Literature: The Significance of

... There is a true feminist movement in Buddhism that relates to the goddess Tārā. Following her cultivation of bodhicitta, the bodhisattva's motivation, she looked upon the situation of those striving towards full awakening and she felt that there were too few people who attained Buddhahood as women. ...
Public Restrooms - Moritz College of Law
Public Restrooms - Moritz College of Law

... The specter of “unisex bathrooms” helped derail the ratification of the federal Equal Rights Amendment (“ERA”) in the 1970s and 1980s.21 ERA opponents invoked the symbol of “unisex bathrooms” to attack sex-integrated bathrooms on the basis that such bathrooms would make society unisex by leading to ...
GENDER AND THE WELFARE STATE" maternalism
GENDER AND THE WELFARE STATE" maternalism

... relation between the sexes. Arguing that gender is a constitutive element in all social relations, the concept became helpful for those who wanted to stress sexual differences without having to deal with biological determinism. Moreover, the term was offered by those who claimed that women's scholar ...
Pay Equity Info Sheet  - National Association of Women and the
Pay Equity Info Sheet - National Association of Women and the

... On average, women still earn less than men regardless of their occupation, age or education. Today, a woman earns 72.5 cents for every dollar that a man earns. For Aboriginal women, women of colour and racialized or new immigrant women, the wage gap between their earnings and the earnings of white m ...
Votes for Women: A Political Guidebook
Votes for Women: A Political Guidebook

... ova Scotia women want to run for public office. They want to be councillors and mayors and MLAs and MPs. Some even dream of becoming premier and prime minister. How do we know? We asked them. At a conference on Women in Politics held in 1990 at Mount Saint Vincent University, we talked with them. Wo ...
Gender and Power Relationships in the Language of Proverbs
Gender and Power Relationships in the Language of Proverbs

... have the pronouns ‘she’ and ‘her’ as a reference to a female are also included. In the same way from the Urdu data all the proverbs with the Urdu equivalents of these nouns and pronouns were taken as a sample. Thus, in total the sample for the current research consisted of 57 English and 25 Urdu pro ...
Similarly Situated?: The Evolution of Gender
Similarly Situated?: The Evolution of Gender

... enfranchisement of African Americans. Many southern states had adopted qualifications such as grandfather clauses or property requirements, which created insurmountable barriers for former-slaves who desired to be legal voters. Although facially neutral, these provisions continued to allow racial di ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn

... did not bring ‘real equality’ because of its utopian character. Because of this paradox the second phase of EU equality politics brought broad policy change – European-level NGO activists and EU ‘femocrats’ learned from both the successes and failures of implementing equality policies. A new policy ...
Demanding Citizenship: The US Women`s - TopSCHOLAR
Demanding Citizenship: The US Women`s - TopSCHOLAR

... authors of the Declaration believed that such discriminations against women were part of a much larger pattern endorsed by American society and culture. 10 The "Declaration" also focused on the injustice in the treatment of women compared to that of men, by pointing out that any man, regardless of ...
Lying in a Room of One`s Own
Lying in a Room of One`s Own

... One of the favorite myths repeated in Women’s Studies textbooks is that women have not been adequately represented in clinical trials for new medical treatments.The authors of Women’s Realities, Women’s Choices, for example, claim that “medication and treatment for medical conditions not specific to ...
Islamic Feminism in post-modern Egypt” Reclaiming
Islamic Feminism in post-modern Egypt” Reclaiming

... “Following are the principal goals of reform grounded on the spirit of genuine Islam ... Treatment of the problem of women in a way which combines the progressive and the protective, in accordance with Islamic teaching, so that this problem – one of the most important social problems – will not be a ...
In India, patriarchal perceptions of women are often the
In India, patriarchal perceptions of women are often the

... What was more troubling were the comments made by politicians, the defence lawyers in the subsequent trial, and one of the perpetrators themselves about the woman who had been raped repeatedly by a group of men and violently attacked. Speaking about Ms Singh, A.P. Singh, one of the defence lawyers f ...
Assessing the feminist revolution: The presence and absence of
Assessing the feminist revolution: The presence and absence of

... (Roos and Jones 1993), from the mid-1980s on, men’s numbers of PhD appear to have stabilized at around 250/year while women’s numbers began again to rise (from about 220/year throughout the 1980s to 325350/year in the late 1990s and early 2000s). Thus, although a first wave of women broke into socio ...
Word doc - The Open University
Word doc - The Open University

... Charicles: or Illustrations of the Private Life of the Ancient Greeks. Called by Norman Vance ‘among the most heavily footnoted “novels” ever published’ (Vance 2007: 89). Becker’s Charicles consists of a fictional account of a fourth-century Athenian boy named Charicles, supplemented by various ‘exc ...
Gender issues reflected within nature in Jane Austen`s novel
Gender issues reflected within nature in Jane Austen`s novel

... Austen’s novels are aware that they are the ones that provide women with a home (168). One realizes the amount of power men held during the eighteenth century, at least amongst those who were fortunate enough to own a house of their own. Berglund discusses this power: ‘In Jane Austen’s world . . . m ...
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND PERSONAL LOCATIONS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND PERSONAL LOCATIONS

... policy and practice. The South African constitution, being one of the most progressive constitutions in the world, forbids discrimination based on gender and provides legislation that renders the advancement of previously disadvantaged groups possible. Many structures have been created to promote ge ...
ԴԻԱՆԱ ԱԴԻԿՅԱՆ GENDER IDEOLOGY IN PROVERBS AND
ԴԻԱՆԱ ԱԴԻԿՅԱՆ GENDER IDEOLOGY IN PROVERBS AND

... pages, and concluded that it was impossible to give a meaningful definition. Proverbs have been collected from a very wide variety o f cultures and. w ith a few possible but still disputed exceptions, no past or present culture is reported to have gone w ithout them. It is quite possible, therefore, ...
A/RES/S-23/3
A/RES/S-23/3

... the major causes of mortality and morbidity among women. Despite progress in some countries, the rates of maternal mortality and morbidity remain unacceptably high in most countries. Investment in essential obstetric care remains insufficient in many countries. The absence of a holistic approach to ...
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First-wave feminism



First-wave feminism refers to a period of feminist activity during the 19th and early 20th century throughout the world, particularly in the United Kingdom, Canada, the Netherlands and the United States. It focused on legal issues, primarily on gaining women's suffrage (the right to vote).The term first-wave was coined in March 1968 by Marsha Lear writing in The New York Times Magazine, who at the same time also used the term ""second-wave feminism"". At that time, the women's movement was focused on de facto (unofficial) inequalities, which it wished to distinguish from the objectives of the earlier feminists.
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