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Transcript
CHAPTER 13 THE RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION 1300-1650 Section 1 The Renaissance in Italy Section 2 The Renaissance in the North What Was The Renaissance? • A New Worldview Evolves • A time of great change • Creative mindset to encourage change • Wanted to learn about classical Greece and Rome • Produced new attitudes • Society focused on individual achievement What Was The Renaissance? A Spirit of Adventure • Led to curiosity and exploration • Formed a new view of man Expressing Humanism • Studied classical Greece and Rome but used it to increase knowledge of people in their time • Focused more on the world and less on religion • Introduced the study of humanities Italy: Cradle of the Renaissance • Italy’s History and Geography • Renaissance began in Italy • Italy was the center of where Rome once stood • Location on the sea encouraged trade with the Muslim world • Muslim scholars helped bring over science and technology Italy: Cradle of the Renaissance • Italy’s Vibrant City-States • Divided into many city-states • Cities were independent • Each was run by a wealthy family • Medici family became one of the wealthiest and controlled Florence • Medici family supported new art • Medici family encourage the renaissance Renaissance Art Flowers • Reflecting Humanist Though • Portrayed religious beliefs • Set religious figures against classical Roman scenes • Often painted wealthy individuals Renaissance Art Flowers • Using New Artistic Techniques • Giotto painted religious figures as humans with emotions • Created a way to paint with depth • Helped create realistic art • Artemisia painted with shadows and light • Painters started to use shading to make paintings more real • Used new oil paints Renaissance Art Flowers • Architecture: A “Social Art” • Used columns, arches and domes • Modeled after architecture in Rome Renaissance Art Flowers • Leonardo Da Vinci • 1452-1519 • Dissected corpses • Studied science, space, engineering, music, anatomy and art • Painted the Mona Lisa • Used realism • Last Supper Renaissance Art Flowers Michelangelo Raphael • 1475-1564 • Sculpture, • 1483-1520 engineer, painter, architect and poet • Sculpted the famed David • Painted murals in the Sistine Chapel in Rome Christian and classical styles of art • Painted great thinkers • Blended Writing for a New Society • Castiglione’s Ideal Courtier • Book to help achieve success during the renaissance • Described manners, skills, learning and virtues a person needed • Men should be athletic, smart and cultured • Women should be graceful, kind and reserved Writing for a New Society • Machiavelli’s Successful Prince • Guided for rulers on how to get and maintain power • End justifies the means • Against oppression and corruption The Printing Revolution • Johann Gutenberg developed the first printing press • Printed the Bible as the first book • Books used to be copied by hand • Books could now be printed in large numbers • More people learned to read • People began to learn a broad array of topics Northern Renaissance Artists • Flemish Painters • Area of Flanders, in present day France, Belgium and The Netherlands • Jan Van Eyck painted townspeople and religious figures realistically • Bruegel painted Peasant life Northern Renaissance Artists • Durer: “Leonardo of the North” • Albrecht Durer was the first renaissance painter in Italy • Spread Renaissance throughout northern Europe • He started to apply painting techniques into engraving • Learned from his father’s goldsmith workshop Northern Humanists and Writers Erasmus Sir Thomas More • One of the most • Believed in social important scholars of the Renaissance • Wrote a Greek edition of the Bible • Helped spread Humanism reform and Utopia • People should live in peace and harmony Northern Humanists and Writers Rabelais • Physician, Monk, Greek scholar and author • Wrote about religion and education • Doubted the organized church Shakespeare • Biggest figure in Renaissance Literature • Wrote 37 plays that are still performed today • Exercised universal themes in common day settings • Created about 7,000 new words in his works Vocabulary Humanism Study of classical Greek and Roman culture applied to modern times Humanities Subjects such as grammar, rhetoric, poetry and history Petrarch Early renaissance humanist and poet Florence Large city controlled by Medici family Patron Financial supporter Perspective Ways of rethinking space and depth Leonardo Da Vinci Artist famed for the Mona Lisa Michelangelo Artists famed for David and the murals in the Sistine Chapel Raphael Artist famed for The School of Athens Vocabulary Baldassare Castiglione Author of The Book of the Courtier Niccolo Machiavelli Author of The Prince Johann Gutenberg Invented the printing press Flanders Area of modern day Northern France, Belgium and the Netherlands Albrecht Durer Artist to invent engraving Engraving Etching a design on a metal plate with acid Vernacular Everyday language Erasmus Dutch priest and humanist Thomas More Social reformer Utopian Ideal society Shakespeare Most famous poet of the renaissance
