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BIOLOGY AP
Name ___________________________
PRACTICE QUIZ
PER
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Evolution, Population Genetics, Speciation, Classification
"I understand the Monta Vista Academic Code and will not give or receive any improper aid for this examination."
signed ________________________________________
1. As a field researcher you are sent to the Arizona desert to study the prairie dog species C. ludivicianus to
determine if the population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Specifically, you are studying this population
with respect to the gene that determines the coat color in C. ludivicianus. This is a trait that is coded for by a
single gene (the NDY6 gene) with two alleles (N, n) and is passed down from one generation to another.
After sampling 170 of these prairie dogs, you find that the C. ludivicianus population is basically in Hardy
Weinberg equilibrium for this trait. Your results are as follows:
Genotype frequency of the n/n population (n/n) = 0.36
a) What is the actual allelic frequency of the N allele? ______
b) What is the actual genotype frequency for N/N? ______
c) What is the actual genotype frequency for N/n? ______
d) What conditions must be satisfied for a population to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. If a population IS in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, which of the following IS assumed to be true? (check
ALL that apply)
___ The population is large
___ Natural selection occurs
____ Organisms do not select their mates
____ There is no migration
___ Mutations occur rarely
3. Match each statement with an idea. In the blank to the left of each statement, write “L” for Lamarckism,
“D” for Darwinism, or “B” for both
a) _____ Adaptive traits make an organism better suited for its environment.
b) _____ Traits accumulated over a single lifetime can be passed on to offspring
c) _____ Populations are smaller than can be supported by the environment, traits are passed on genetically,
and some organisms reproduce more than others.
d) _____ An organism can “will” a change to occur.
e) _____ If Vincent VanGogh had cut his ear off, then had a daughter, the daughter would be born without an
ear.
4. A population of Daphnia (diploid water fleas- Mrs. Frazier’s favorite organism ) is divided as follows into
genotypes for albinism (a recessive trait). A=dominant allele (dark color), a=recessive allele (no color).
846 Daphnia are AA
148 Daphnia are Aa
6 Daphnia are aa
a) How many total alleles are in the population? ____
b) What is the allelic frequency of A? _____
c) What is the genotypic frequency of aa? ______
d) Using the Hardy Weinberg equation, calculate the expected genotype frequency of homozygous
recessives. ______
e) Is this Daphnia population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? YES or NO (circle one)
Show your work:
f) Explain your answer to (e) _________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
g) What would the phenotype of an Aa individual be? __________________
5.
The diagrams to the right represent two different models for
looking at the rates of evolution.
a) Does diagram A illustrate:
Gradualism or Punctuated Equilibrium? (circle one)
b) Provide one piece of evidence from the diagram
to defend your answer to (a): ___________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
6. You obtain the following data after testing 100 random MV students and high school students all over the U.S.
Monta Vista Students
U.S. High School Students
Procrastinators
72 out of 100
Non-procrastinators
28 out of 100
70%
30%
Use Chi-Squared Analysis to compare the Monta Vista population with the United States High School Student population.
Based on this, what can you conclude, including how certain you are of this conclusion (be specific!):
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
7. Match the following mechanisms of evolution to its correct example.
____Bottleneck Effect
____Founder Effect
____Mutations
____Fitness
____Heterozygote Advantage
____Gene Flow
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Organisms move into a population changing the allelic frequencies.
Certain traits offer a selective advantage over others.
Changes in DNA sequence result from mistakes in DNA replication
Carriers of the sickle cell anemia gene have resistance to malaria
A small number of individuals inhabit an island and begin reproducing.
A hurricane wipes out a large portion of the population and a few
individuals are left to reproduce.
8. When two species form because of geographic separation, this is an example of:
a) Sympatric speciation
c) Genetic Drift
b) Allopatric speciation
d) Polyploidy
9. Height is a genetic trait that shows a range of phenotypes (from very tall to very short). Heterozygotes are moderate in
height. A 2005 study records the heights of individuals across the world. This data, comparing the number of individuals
at each height is record in the graph below.
In the year 3005, the world has become overcrowded, and as a result,
personal space is at a minimum. Very tall people must always stoop and
slouch, which results in poor skeletal health. This reduces their life
expectancy to 35 years and means they are less likely to mate often.
Short people have no difficulty maintaining great posture, and their use
of less resources means they can share extra resources with their mates
and families. This means they reproduce more.
a) On the graph, draw how you would expect the population data to look
in the year 3005. Label this curve “3005”.
b) What type of selection is the world population experiencing with respect to height? (circle one)
Directional
Stabilizing
Disruptive
c) Over the course of the next 100 years, it becomes advantageous to be of moderate height (compared to the rest of the
population). This would result in which kind of selection? (circle one)
Directional
Stabilizing
Disruptive
d) One of the advantages of being moderate height is that moderate height gives individuals better protection against a
deadly avian flu. This would be an example of
Heterozygote Advantage
Phenotypic Polymorphism
Sexual Dimorphism
10. In 4007, an atomic war wipes out most life on the planet. Only a single species of squirrel survives the war. The
extensive radiation from the war causes mutation rates to increase. In addition, the squirrels are able to occupy many new
niches in the environment. Over a relatively short amount of time, the original species of squirrel develops into many
different species of squirrel.
a) This is in example of (circle one)
Adaptive Radiation
Gradualism
Natural Selection
Gene Flow
b) The rate of evolution of the squirrels after the atomic war would provide evidence for which model? (circle one)
PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM
GRADUALISM
c) One group of squirrels are active only at night, when it is cooler, and another group are active only during the day when
it is warm. Over time, these groups become different species. Based on the information provided, the two squirrel groups
evolve into different species because (circle one)
i)
One group has a higher fitness than another.
ii)
The allelic frequencies in one group are different than in another group.
iii)
The populations, when mated, would produce offspring with low hybrid vigor.
iv)
The populations are unable to mate with one another.
v)
The populations are geographically isolated from one another.
d) A new mutation in squirrels gives them a big hind tail with a flipper like that on a seal. Though structurally different
from the seal flipper, the squirrels with tail flippers are now able to swim very quickly to islands that are not otherwise
populated by squirrels (and take advantage of the food on these islands). The squirrel hind tail flipper and the seal flipper
would be classified as (circle one):
Homologous Structures
Analogous Structures
Vestigial Structures
Pleiotropic Structures
e) As a result of the adaptation in (d), a small group of squirrels swim away and start a new population on a remote desert
island. This illustrates (circle one):
Artificial Selection
Founder Effect
Bottleneck Effect
Sexual Selection
f) On the island, seasons are extreme, with the summer being very hot, and the winter being very cold. Although born
from the same parents, offspring born in the winter are small, while those born in the summer are larger. This
phenomenon is best explained by (circle one):
Genetic drift
Phenotypic polymorphism
Incomplete Dominance
Epistasis
11. You have found a new organism in a rain forest that has never been classified. It is multicellular and has cell walls,
but no chloroplasts.
a) What cell type is it? (circle one)
PROKARYOTE
EUKARYOTE
b) What domain is it in? ____________________
c) What kingdom is it in? ____________________
d) What is one other trait it would have, that others in its kingdom have? ___________________
c) According to Endosymbiont Hypothesis, which of the following is true? (circle one)
a) Membrane infolding allowed for origin of organelles.
b) A cell consumed a eukaryote and kept some of its organelles whole.
c) A cell went through an abnormal mitotic division, so that the new cell was retained within.
d) A cell engulfed a prokaryote but failed to digest it.
d) Multicellularity arose after the evolution of colonies. What is true about the evolution of colonies? (circle one)
a) It occurred in prokaryotes and led to multicellularity in all eukaryotes.
b) Cells worked together, but still could live independently of each other.
c) Cells specialized and benefited from each other, and became dependent on others, forming a colony.
d) It occurred on different continents after Pangaea had split.