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Transcript
Learning Sociology Through Sports Sociology • Sociology is the scientific study of society and social behavior • We focus on the group rather than the individual • We study people as they form groups and interact with one another (social interaction) • We study facts or events that involve human society (social phenomena) Sociology (continued) • We study small groups • married couples, close friends • We study large groups • subcultures, suburban teenagers • We study societies as individual entities…. • U.S. culture • …..and as part of a global perspective • differences between lifestyles in Japan and the United States Sociology and the Other Social Sciences • Social Sciences are disciplines that study human social behavior or institutions and the functions of human society in a scientific matter • Read the handout about these sciences and put it in your folder as part of your notes! Other Social Sciences • Psychology: study of human behavior and mental processes. • Social Psychology: how the social environment affects an individual’s behavior and personality. • Anthropology: studies the origins, physical and cultural development, and social customs and beliefs of cultures. It is the most similar to sociology. Often studies past cultures and simple societies. Psychology Anthropology Other Social Sciences • Political Science: studies the governments of societies. • Economics: focuses on the production and distribution of society’s goods and services. • History: the study of past events. Economics History The Sociological Perspective • Looking at life in a scientific, systematic way • Getting rid of common-sense explanations and replacing them with a better understanding of hidden meanings behind human actions • Helps you gain a new view of social life The Sociological Perspective in Sports • What does sport mean in our lives? • How are these meanings constructed culturally and socially? • What does it mean for individuals, groups, organizations, and society? • Can sports help us understand society? “The Sociological Imagination” • Term expressed by C. Wright Mills in 1959 • “The ability to see the connection between the larger world and your personal life” • Reject your previous assumptions. • You must be able to pull away from the situation and think from an alternate point of view • Bird’s eye view Questions for Discussion • People should seek: – Individual Fulfillment – Harmony and respect within their community Questions for Discussion • Direct eye contact infers: – Attention and Respect – Disrespect and/or defiance Questions for Discussion • One’s future is controlled by: – Behaviors and actions – Fate Questions for Discussion • Gender roles should be: – Loosely defined – Clearly defined Try to Avoid Ethnocentrism • Ethnocentrism: a tendency to judge all cultures in terms of one’s own. A belief that one’s own culture is morally, intellectually, or aesthetically superior to all others • As sociologists, we try to avoid ethnocentrism in our research • Is it possible to completely avoid ethnocentrism? Cultural Relativism • The position that there are no universal cultural values or ideas. A culture can only be understood on its own terms, not from the perspectives of other cultures. Ethical and moral standards are relative. Cultural Relativism Our Goals We want to understand the relationship: • between the individual and the social • between the patterns, practices, and events in the broader social world and in our lives 3 Different Approaches to Understand Culture and Sports HISTORICAL • Where does it come from? • For what purpose was it created? • In what particular ways and context? COMPARATIVE • Culture and Sport means different things to different people in different contexts • Allows us to examine culture and sport from perspectives other than our own • Sport means different things to cultures around the world. CRITICAL • We critique the way sport is constructed and enacted • We ask questions and examine common assumptions • We explore contradictions and complexities in sport and society • We create change and explore new ideas. • What is our view on performance enhancing drugs? Will our view change with time? Why is the critical approach challenging? • Why does it make us uncomfortable, angry, or upset? - Because it creates cognitive dissonance: our thinking is challenged by new ideas that are not in harmony with what and how we currently think • Can cognitive dissonance be positive? Yes, it can provide the power for change both individually and collectively Thinking Critically vs. Being Critical • We develop social consciousness about sport • We recognize problems and possibilities of sport • We avoid unthinking acceptance of current practices • We are committed to sport while also to change it when necessary • Sport is not just a game; it is a serious piece of our culture (i.e. film, TV, advertisement, clothing) Be ready to think and challenge yourself! • Sociology is controversial • We will talk about topics that will make you disagree with others’ opinions • Come ready to debate and listen • Be ready to test your statements with objective facts. • We try to study the social world as scientists And Stay Awake in Class! Participate! The Critical Approach • Let’s try the critical approach with this article on cyclist Lance Armstrong • Why does the author say that this situation has created cognitive dissonance? DAY 1 - THE END