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„ Virus is the biggest danger for life on the earth “ Joshua Lederberg „ Virus is bad news pack up into the protein“ Sir Peter Medawar Viruses Manová Kateřina Trachtová Štěpánka What are viruses? Viruses are parasitic entities, consisting of nucleic acid molecules with protective coats, that are replicated by the enzymatic machinery of suitable host cells. They are the least particle of live substence Start of virologie - at the end of the 19 century was discovered the first virus – Tobacco mosaic virus by Dmitrij Iwanowsky in 1892 - Tobacco virus was isolated by Wendell Stanley in 1935 - Loeffler and Frosch confirmed viral origin of foot and mouth disease Basic attribute of viruses - the size of virus is 30 - 400 nm - by the nucleic acid we distinguihs DNA and RNA viruses - beyond host cells viruses aren´t reproduced - virouses aren´t own metabolic apparatur - consits of a nucleic acid molecule endcased by a protein capsid Phase of infection - virus gets on the host cell the virus DNA or RNA penetrates into the cell RNA is copied into DNA of cells the cell being produce new virouses after take it out of cell is her wall dissolved new viruses are released and attacked neighbouring cells Viruses can infect plants, bacteria and animals.Each viral species has a very limited host range that is, it can reproduce in only a small group of closely relate species. Virus of plants Tobacca mosaic virus It was the first virus to be discovered and isolated. Tabaco mosaic virus causes left mottling and discoloration in tobacco and many other plants. T.M.V is a helical virus with spiral helix RNA (a). Human and animals viruses Infectious diseases are produced from different of mikroorganismus. In the first place viruses and bacteria. We distinguish by scale of infection : - local infection - epidemic - pandemic Virus diseases DNA virus : - herpes – cold sore - chicken pox - smallpox - polyomyelites = infantile paralysis RNA virus: - cold - influenza - encephalites - rubella – German measles - measles - mumps - hepatitida A, B, C, D, E - AIDS - SARS - rabies - foot and mouth disease - ebola Influenza virus Expresses: pain headache, joint high temperature Way of disseminate: air – droplet Incubation period : 24 – 72 hours It is annual epidemics, one of which was recorded by Hippocrates in 412 B.C., are occasionally. Danger of flu is often disapraged. Influenza virus is animal virus too and is transmited on person. Influenza virus In this century was relived ever 4 variant of influenza viruses. They all cause of pandemie. Only one witness to Spanish flu 1918 – blocks with tissue slides and death notice 1918 – 1920 Spanish flu 30 milion lives were lost 1957 – Asian flu 1968 – Virus Hong- Kong 1977 – virus of Russian flu Expresses: individual Way of disseminate: AIDS – Acquired all bodies liquids immune deficiency sexual intercourse syndrome Incubation period : individual – some years Year of identification: 1983 Agent : HIV virus – Human immunodeficiency virus AIDS T4 lymphocyt infect of HIV – virus ( blue formations) AIDS is the mortal illness with a long incubation period. Virus HIV attack T4 lymphocyt – cells make up antibodies. In the world are infected 40 milion people today. In the Czech republic are infected 500 – 600 persons every year. Ebolla - haemophilia temperature Expresses: pain headache diarrhoea, vomiting internal bleeding Way of disseminate: all bodies liquids Year of identification: 1976 Incubation period : death up to 3 days Agent : filovirus Ebola At first Ebola was desoribed in Kongo (Zair) and was named after local river. SARS – acute syndrom of respiratory tract the first global epidemic of 21.st century Expresses: heavy inflammation of lungs Way of disseminate: air – droplet infection Year of identification: 2002 - 2003 Incubation period : some hours Agent : coronaviridae SARS SARS - SARS comes from east Asia - the most often occurrence : Hong Kong, Singapur, China, Canada - SARS is bird flu - cause of illness is coronaviridae which is transmited from bird to person - on the surface has protein SARS – S - this protein produce antibodies - danger is high variability herpes, cold sore - opar chicken pox, smallpox - plané neštovice polyomyelites, infantile paralysis - dětská obrna cold - rýma influenza, flu - chřipka rubella, German measles - zarděnky measles - spalničky mumps - příušnice rabies - vzteklina expresses - projevy haemophilia - krvácivost inflammation of lungs - zánět plic diarrhoea střevní potíže vomiting zvracení internal bleeding vnitřní krvácení Acquired immune deficiency syndrome získané selhání imunity Human immunodeficiency virus Biochemistry – Donald Voet http://mujweb.cz/veda/biologie/virologie.html http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/virus.html