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Vet Science Study Guide answer key 1. What are the names of the walls of the heart? -epicardium, myocardium, endocardium 2. What are the 5 regions of the vertebrae? -cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal 3. How much income do livestock producers lose to disease, parasites, and toxins? -20% 4. In 1992, what act was passed that deals with vandalism, theft, and threats to research facilities and workers? -Animal Enterprise Protection Act 5. What does the cardiovascular system do? -delivers oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to various tissues of the body 6. What is also referred to as the hock? -tarsal 7. What sound does the heart make? -lub dub 8. What does the upper respiratory system consist of? -nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx 9. What is the inner layer of the heart wall? -endocardium 10. True or False: Uncontrolled mitosis causes cancer -true 11. What are the three major blood vessels in mammals? -arteries, capillaries, and veins 12. What two valves make the “lub” sound of the heart? -tricuspid and mitral 13. What does the central nervous system consist of? -brain and spinal cord 14. What is the basic unit of animal life? -cells 15. What happens during apnea? -breathing stops completely 16. What is the membrane around the nucleus? -the nuclear membrane 17. What organelle deals with food and wastes and transports it out of the cell? -vacuole 18. What is ossification? -when cartilage starts becoming bone 19. What forms the stifle joint in horses? -patella 20. How many chambers do mammals have in the heart? -4 21. During auscultation, between what ribs do you hold the stethoscope for dogs and cats? -between the 3rd and 7th rib 22. Label the parts of an animal cell 23. What is another name for DNA? -chromatin 24. In the circulatory system, what lines the myocardium? -epithelium 25. What does mucus do? -helps warm, moisten, and filter air 26. What are factory farms? -a large-scale operation that efficiently produces animals in a carefully controlled environment 27. What are the 4 stages of mitosis? -PMAT 28. Name the 4 basic types of tissue types mammals have? -epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve 29. What are the tiny wave-like hairs that line the nostrils? -cilia 30. What is an interruption in blood flow in the heart? -heart murmur 31. When was the first federal law dealing with the humane treatment of animal passed? -1873 32. When was the Humane Slaughter Act passed? -1958 33. Where are blood cells produced? -bone marrow 34. What organelle is only found in animal cells? -centrioles 35. What are the 3 types of muscle tissue? -smooth, skeletal, cardiac 36. What forms the forearm? -radius 37. What is known as the atria? -superior chamber 38. What carries blood from the heart to the body? -pulmonary veins 39. What is the voice box? -larynx 40. What are known as ventricles? -inferior chambers