Download Study Guide for Biology B Final

Study Guide for Biology B Final
1.
Know what causes variation in a population
2.
Know what adaptations are and how they might change
3.
Know what the fossil records tell us
4.
Know what carbon dating is
5.
Know the definition of evolution
6.
Know who Charles Darwin was and what ideas he developed
7.
Understand the theory of natural selection
8.
Understand the difference between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium
9.
Understand the difference between homologous, vestigial, and analogous structures
10. Know the three types of evolution (divergent, convergent, and co-evolution)
11. Know the conditions needed for Hardy-Weinberg’s Principle to work
12. Know the difference between directional selection and disruptive selection
13. Understand the differences between hypothesis, theory, and law
14. What is Taxonomy?
15. What are the hierarchy levels of an organism, in order?
16. What characteristic helps us divide organisms into kingdoms?
17. What are the five kingdoms?
18. Give two examples of organisms found in each kingdom.
19. What is Binomial nomenclature?
20. How would you write the genus, species of a human?
21. What does it mean to use biochemistry to classify organisms?
22. What is a dichotomous key, and how does it work?
23. What are the parts of a virus and what are their functions?
24. Describe both the lytic and lysogenic cycle.
25. What is HIV?
26. What is West Nile Virus?
27. What are vaccinations?
28. What are the five bacteria shapes/arrangements?
29. What are the characteristics of archaebacteria and Eubacteria?
30. What are Endospores?
31. What are the three types of archaebacteria and what are there characteristics?
32. What are the roles of bacteria?
33. What characteristic classify protests?
34. What are the characteristics of protozoans? What are the four types?
35. What are the characteristic of algae?
36. What are the characteristics of molds? What are the three types?
37. What are the three common characteristics of fungi?
38. What are the characteristics of all plants?
39. What are the three types of plant tissue and examples of each?
40. What are the differences between monocot and dicot?
41. What are the differences between annual, biennial, and perennial?
42. What does the xylem do and what kind of cells make up the xylem?
43. What is a meristem (meristematic tissue)?
44. What is the difference between sapwood and heartwood?
45. What is the difference between fibrous roots and taproots?
46. What are guard cells, stoma (stomata), and mesophyll, and how do they interact?
47. What causes the stoma to open and close, and what will the closing or opening cause to happen (hint: there are a few things
that will happen)?
48. What are osmosis, active transport, root pressure, capillary action, adhesion, and pressure-flow hypothesis?
49. What is the phloem and what kind of cells make up the phloem?
50. What is transpiration, and what factors would seed up or slow down transpiration?
51. What hormone causes the majority of tropism within plants?
52. Define phototropism, geotropism, thigmotropism, and nastic movement.
53. How does fertilization occur in a flower?(know the parts of a flower)
54. What is the difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms?
55. Give an example of a fleshy fruit and a dry fruit.
56. What is the formula for photosynthesis?
57. What is the mechanism for which nutrients and ions get into the plant?
58. What are the three zones of plant cell development, in order?
59. What are the differences between the eight major groups of Invertebrates? (Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms, Roundworms,
Annelids, Mollusk, Arthropods, Echinoderms)
60. What are the common characteristics of all vertebrates?
61. What are the advantages to having an endoskeleton?
62. What characteristic helps fish reduce fiction?
63. How do a swimming bladder work, and what type of fish doesn’t have one?
64. How do gills work?
65. Why do fish lay so many eggs?
66. What triggers the metamorphosis in amphibians?
67. What are the unique features of an amphibian?
68. What characteristic helps reptiles to live in dry environments?
69. What the difference between endotherm and ectotherm?
70. Endotherm or Ectotherm? Fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
71. What are the parts of an amniotic egg? Be able to label a diagram of the egg.
72. What are the adaptations that birds have made to fly?
73. What is unique about bird's respiratory system?
74. What are the unique features of mammals?
75. What are the differences between monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals?
76. What adaptation allows mammals to eat a variety of foods?
77. What allows mammals to move in high speeds?
78. Why are mammals so successful?
79. Understand the following terms: Oviparous, Ovoviviparous, and Viviparous.