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Chapter 16 Vocabulary
ADD: (NOT IN TEXT)
1. Cell- Smallest unit of an organism that can carry on life functions; smallest
unit of life in all living things.
(#2-14 in glossary of textbook ~ List of words on page 492)
2. Bacteria- Smallest organisms on Earth, each of which is made up on only one cell.
3. Cell membrane- Flexible structure that holds a cell together, forms a boundary between
the cell and its environment, and helps control what enters and leaves the cell.
4. Cell wall- Structure of plants, algae, fungi, and many types of bacteria that supports and
protects the cell membrane.
5. Chloroplast-Green organelle in a plant’s leaf cell where most photosynthesis takes
place.
6. Cytoplasm- Gelatin-like substance inside the cell membrane that contains water,
chemicals, and cell parts.
7. Mitochondria-Cell organelles where cellular respiration takes place. (energy)
8. Nucleus- Cell organelle that contains the hereditary material
9. Organs- Structure made of two or more different tissues types that work together to do
a certain job.
10. Organ system- Group of organs that work together to perform a certain task.
11. Organelle- Specialized cell parts that perform a cell’s activities.
12. Photosynthesis-Process by which plants, algae, and many types of bacteria use
sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make food and oxygen.
13. Tissues- Group of similar cells that all do the same work.
14. Vacuole-Balloon-like cell organelle in the cytoplasm that can store food, water, and
other substances.