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CONr:IDENTIAL SULTAN lORIS EDUCATION UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITI PENDIOIKAN SULTAN lORIS COURSE: CELL BIOLOGY CODE: SBC3013 DATE: 2 B DEC 2015 DURATION: 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES INSTRUCTIONS question paper consists of THREE (3) sections: A, B, and C. Answer ALL questions in Section A and Section B. Answer any TWO (2) questions 1. This 2. in Section C. Section A consists of FOURTY (40) multiple choice questions. Answer all questions in Section A in OMR form provided. Section B consists of THREE (3) structure questions. Answer all questions in Section B in this question booklet. Section C consists of THREE (3) essay questions. Answer any TWO (2) questions in 3. 4. 5. Section C in this 6. answer booklet. Question paper will be collected at the end of the examination. This 'question paper contains of 19 pages including cover page " PROGRA�ME: YEAR: ___ CLASS GROUP: _ REGISTRATION NO: IDENTITY CARD NO _ : LECTURER: DR. REMMY KEONG BUN POH DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO CONFIDENTIAL 2 SBC3013 Cell Biology SECTION A (40 marks) Instruction: Answer all questions 1. Which of the following ribosomes that are molecules is produced in large numbers by specialized present in cells? A. Lipids B. Starches c. Proteins D. Glucose 2. Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? A. Ribosome B. Lysosome c. Mitochondrion D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 3. Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? ER A. Rough B. Lysosomes c. Golgi apparatus D. Plasmodesmata [See next page 3 SBC3013 Cell Biology 4. The fact that the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope has bound ribosomes allows one to most reliably conclude that _ A. the nuclear envelope is not part of the endomembrane system B. small vesicles from the Golgi fuse with the nuclear envelope C. the nuclear envelope is physically continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum D. at least some ribosomes 5. on In animal cells, cellular proteins that function in the nuclear envelope of the the hydrolytic components. enzymes Which of nuclear envelope are made by the packaged to prevent general destruction of the following organelles functions in this are compartmentalization? A. Lysosome B. Chloroplast C. Peroxisome D. Central vacuole 6. cells accumulating Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in and becoming clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition? A. Mitochondria B. The lysosome 7. C. The Golgi apparatus D. The endoplasmic Which is one reticulum of the main energy transformers of cells? A. Vacuole B. Lysosome C. Mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus [See next page 4 SBC3013 Cell Biology 8. Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in _ A. vacuoles 8. Iysosomes C. chloroplasts D. mitochondria 9. Which of the following contain the 9 2 arrangement of microtubules? Cilia I. Centrioles II. III. A. I + Flagella only 8. I and II C. I and III only only D. All of above 10. If an individual has abnormal microtubules, due to organs A. or tissues would you Sperm, larynx, D. All ducts, such 11. What are hereditary condition, in which expect dysfunction? and trachea 8. Microvilli, alveoli, and C. Limbs, hearts, a areas as glomeruli with a good deal of contraction those from the products of the salivary light or sebaceous reactions that are glands subsequently used by the Calvin cycle? A. Water and carbon 8. ATP and NADPH C. Carbon dioxide and RuBP D. Oxygen and carbon dioxide [See next page 5 SBC3013 Cell Biology 12. Where does the Calvin cycle take place? A. Thylakoid membrane 8. Chlorophyll molecule C. Stroma of the chloroplast D. Cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast 13. Where are the molecules of the electron transport chain found in plant cells? A. Stroma of chloroplasts 8. Matrix of mitochondria C. Inner membrane of mitochondria D. Thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts 14. During photosynthesis, the release of oxygen is a by-product of _ A. reducing NADP+ 8. splitting the water molecules C. the electron transfer system of photosystem I D. the electron transfer system of photosystem II 15. The reaction-center A. there are chlorophyll of photosystem I is known D. this are P700 because 700 chlorophyll molecules in the center 8. the plastoquinone reflects C. there as 700 light with a wavelength of 700 nm photosystem I components to each chloroplast pigment is best at absorbing light with a wavelength of 700 nm [See next page SBC3013 Cell 6 Biology 16. Which statement describes the functioning of photosystem II? A. The electron vacancies in P680 B. Light are filled by electrons derived from water. chain in energy excites electrons in the electron transport a photosynthetic unit. C. The excitation passed along to is molecule a of P700 chlorophyll in the photosynthetic unit. D. The P680 chlorophyll donates a pair of protons to NADPH, which is thus converted to NADP+. are 17. Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be ----- A. to test for CO2 fixation in the dark B. to test for liberation of O2 in the C. to do experiments to generate D. to determine if 18. Carotenoids properties in are they often They reflect orange B. They serve as C. They dissipate D. They A. an action spectrum thylakoids found in the chloroplasts in foods that are considered to human nutrition. What related function do A. cover 19. What is the have light Split water have in plants? light. accessory pigments. excessive light energy. the sensitive chromosomes of the primary they have antioxidant function of the Calvin plant. cycle? and release oxygen. B. Use ATP to release carbon dioxide. C. Transport RuBP out of the chloroplast. D. Synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide. [See next page 7 ,BC3013 Cell Biology produce a 6 carbon molecule, which is then split in two. After phosphorylation and reduction, what more 20. In the process of carbon needs to A. happen Regeneration fixation, RuBP attaches in the Calvin a CO2 to cycle? of rubisco. B. Regeneration of ATP from ADP. C. Inactivation of RuBP carboxylase enzyme. D. Addition of a pair of electrons from NADPH. 21. What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? A. Anabolic pathways B. Catabolic pathways C. Fermentation pathways D. Thermodynamic pathways 22. Where does A. glycolysis takes place? Cytosol B. Mitochondrial outer membrane C. Mitochondrial inner membrane D. Mitochondrial intermembrane space 23. During cellular respiration oxygen? A. The citric acid which process or event involved directly in consuming cycle. B. The oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. C. The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP. D. Accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain. [See next page ,)BC3013 Cell 24. 8 Biology During glycolysis, glucose is when catabolized to glucose is pyruvate, most of the energy of ----- A. retained in the pyruvate B. transferred directly to ATP C. stored in the NADH produced D. transferred to ADP, forming ATP 25. In cellular respiration, when pyruvate enters mitochondrion via active transport, is coenzyme A, a sulfur containing molecule derived from a B vitamin, added? why A. Because it drives the reaction that regenerates NAD+. B. Because sulfur is needed for the molecule to enter the mitochondrion. C. To provide a relatively unstable molecule whose acetyl portion can readily bind to oxaloacetate. D. In order to utilize this product from another portion of a B vitamin which would otherwise be a waste pathway. 26. Which location accumulates acetyl CoA during cellular respiration? A. Mitochondrial matrix B. Mitochondrial outer membrane C. Mitochondrial inner membrane D. Mitochondrial intermembrane space (C02) 27. Carbon dioxide is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration? A. Oxidative phosphorylation and fermentation. B. The citric acid C. Glycolysis cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. and the oxidation of D. Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle. [See next page SBC3013 Cell Biology 28. Which of the A. 9 following Converting harvests the most chemical energy in cellular respiration? oxygen to ATP. B. Chemiosmotic phosphorylation. C. Substrate-level phosphorylation. D. Transferring electrons from 29. Which of the following transport chain, starting A. molecules to pyruvate. describes the sequence of electron carriers in the electron with the least electronegative? Fe-S, FMN, cytochromes (Cyt), ubiquinone B. FMN, =e-s. C. organic ubiquinone, cytochromes (Cyt) Cytochromes (Cyt), FMN, ubiquinone, =e-s D. Ubiquinone (Q), cytochromes (Cyt), FMN, FeeS 30. Which metabolic A. pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation? Glycolysis B. The citric acid cycle C. Oxidative phosphorylation D. The oxidation of pyruvate to 31. acetyl CoA an organism. Cytosine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from will be thymine? Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample A. 12 B. 24 C.31 D.38 [See next page SBC3013 Cell 10 Biology 32. What kind of chemical bond is found between paired bases of the DNA double helix? A. Ionic B. Covalent C. Hydrogen D. Sulfhydryl 33. Which of this reason is the difference in DNA replication between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? A. The prokaryotic chromosome has histones, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes do not. B. Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes have many. C. The rate of elongation during DNA replication is slower in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes. D. Prokaryotes produce Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, but eukaryotes do not. 34. What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up DNA? A. The twisting nature of DNA creates B. One strand is positively charged nonparallel strands. and the other is negatively charged. C. Base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands. D. The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand. 35. Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5' � 3' direction? A. Primase B. DNA ligase C. Topoisomerase D. DNA polymerase III [See next page SBC3013 Cell Biology 11 36. Once transcribed, includes eukaryotic mRNA typically undergoes substantial alteration that ----- A. excision of introns B. union with ribosomes C. linkage to histone molecules D. fusion mto circular forms known as plasm ids 37. Which kind of mutation resulted sickle-cell disease? A. Point B. Nonsense C. Frameshift D. Nondisjunction 38. Which of the following A. Translation B. Unlike can statement is true about begin in prokaryotes? while transcription is still in progress. eukaryotes, prokaryotes require C. Extensive RNA protein synthesis no processing is required initiation before or elongation factors. prokaryotic transcripts can be translated. D. Prokaryotic appropriate 39. The complicated mechanisms cellular organelles. tryptophan cells have operon is a repressible A. turned off only when glucose B. turned only on when glucose on to the _ growth medium present in the growth medium C. turned off whenever tryptophan is added to the D. turned targeting proteins operon that is is present in the is for only when tryptophan is present in growth medium the growth medium [See next page SBC3013 Cell Biology 40. When no longer binds 12 is taken up to the by the cell, it operator. binds to the repressor so that the repressor A. operon B. inducer c. promoter D. repressor [See next page SBC3013 Cell Biology 13 Section B (30 marks) Instruction: Answer all questions 1. Figure 1 shows the endomembrane two distinct are organelles system of a cell. Structure labelled as A and B is system while structure labelled as C and D of endomembrane vesicles. B Goigi apparatus Figure 1 a. Describe a structural distinction between structure labelled as A and B. [2 marks] b. Describe a functional distinction between the structures mentioned in question (a). [2 marks] [See next page SBC3013 Cell c. Biology 14 Imagine a protein that functions in structure labelled as 8 but requires modification in Golgi apparatus before it can achieve that function. Describe the protein's path through the cell, starting with the mRNA molecule that specifies the protein. the [4 marks] d. C and D contain products and are pinched off from Golgi Describe one interacting mechanism distinction between these two Vesicles labelled apparatus. as vesicles. [2 marks] [See next page SBC3013 Cell 2. Biology 15 Figure 2 shows the organization of thylakoid Pq or plastoquinone, Pc or plastocyanin and Photosystem II membrane and Fd or ferredoxin light reaction process. are electron carriers. Cytochrome Photosystem NADP+ complex I reductase Light To Calvin Cycle K • o ... Figure 2 a. When light photosystem, it will cause the conversion of compound F to G. Identify compound F and molecule G. strikes become molecule [2 marks] b. What will happen to H when 'Pq', the mobile carrier, moves from photosystem II to cytochrome complex? [1 mark] [See next page SBC3013 Cell C. Biology 16 When electron flow reaches the edge of thylakoid membrane, it will trigger the conversion of substance I to substance J. Identify substance I and J. [2 marks] d. Describe the process involved in converstorr of substance K to L. [2 marks] e. thylakoid and enter the stroma to proceed with Calvin What is the cycle. Both substances are required in large amount during Calvin cycle. main function of substance J and L in Calvin cycle? Substance J and L will exit the [1 mark] f. What will happen L could not break light reaction if substance J could its' phosphate atom in Calvin cycle. to not be oxidized and substance [1 mark] g. During photosynthesis, plant cycle. Assuming that leaves, explain the process of fixes carbon dioxide in Calvin closed and oxygen build up inside the fixative mechanism that will most likely to occur at such condition. stomata are [1 mark] [See next page SBC3013 Cell 3. 17 Biology Figure 3 shows an overview of cellular respiration. ,-,-,----. Electrons Electrons carried carried via via NADH and NADH FADH Metabolic stage 1 Metabolic stage 4 Glucose c:::> Pyruvate ; '--.,--,,-----.--.----' �.-".""" ------. Figure a. 3 State figure 3, which metabolic stage is involved in anaerobic respiration? the location where this metabolic stage occurs in a cell? Based on [2 marks] b. Metabolic stage 1 converted one molecule of glucose to two molecules of and generated ATP. State another important yield from this metabolic stage. pyruvate [1 mark] [See next page ,// SBC3013 Cell c. 18 Biology Which metabolic stage in figure 3 produces the CO2 that you exhale? [1 mark] d. Which metabolic stage in figure 3 produces molecules that conserved the highest potential energy? State the molecule. [2 marks] e. of figure 3 involves movement of electrons and releasing this chemiosmosis as occurs in Briefly explain the process of Which metabolic stage in hydrogen ions? metabolic stage? [3 marks] f. Which metabolic in the form of ATP? stage in figure 3 produces the most energy [1 mark] [See next page SBC3013 Cell Biology 19 Section C Instruction: Answer any TWO 1. (10 marks) (2) questions replication of lagging stands is synthesized discontinuously, as series of DNA rragrner1l� known as Okazaki fragment. Describe the synthesis of a lagging strand. The description should begin with reaction by primase and ends with DNA ligase. DNA [5 marks] 2. DNA serves as a very important core template in both DNA replication and transcription process. a. Compare polymerase and RNA polymerase in terms of how they function, of synthesis, requirement of primer, and the type of nucleotides DNA the direction used. [3 marks] b. the During transcription process, suppose X-rays caused sequence change in TATA box of a particular gene's promoter. How would it affect transcription of the gene? [2 marks] 3. binding of RNA polymerase and when lactose and glucose respectively are scarcities on transcription of the lac operon? Describe the repressor to the inducible lac operon What is the effect of these scarce. [5marksj END OF QUESTIONS