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Ecology ________________________________________________________________
Ecosystems
An _________________ is an interaction among populations of all the organisms in
a community with the non-living parts of their environment.
Species, Population, & Community
A ____________is a group of organisms that interbreed & produce fertile
offspring.
A _____________________is a group of organisms all of the same species, which
interbreed and live in the same place at the same time.
A _________________________________is all the organisms in a given area.
Limiting Factors: _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Examples of Limiting Factors:
Population Density
______________________________is measured by the # of organisms that can live
& be supported in a defined space.
Density-dependent factors are triggered by ____________________. Examples are:
_________________ (food, water, shelter, space), ________________,
__________________, & _________________.
Density-independent factors occur regardless of how large the population & it
______________ the size of the population in the area in which they occur. Examples
are: _________________, human activity (________________), &
_________________________ (fire).
Biotic Factors
The ____________ components of an ecosystem are called biotic factors.
Examples of Biotic Factors:
Abiotic Factors
The __________________ components of an ecosystem are called abiotic factors.
Examples of Abiotic Factors:
Stable Ecosystem
A _____________________________ is one where the population numbers, supply
of resources, & energy fluctuates at a predictable rate.
What keeps an ecosystem stable?
_______________________ is the relationship that occurs when two or more
organisms need the same resource at the same time.
___________________ is an interaction between species.
–____________________ – the animal that preys on others
–__________ – the animal hunted and killed for food
_____________________ __________exists between organisms of two different
species that live together in direct contact.
Examples of Symbiotic Relationships
_________________ – one organism (______________) benefits at the expense of
the other organism (___________)
_________________ – Both organisms benefit.
_____________________________ – one species benefits and the other is neither
harmed nor benefited
Remember:
The __________ is the ultimate energy source.
The flow of energy can be described in food chains, food webs, & pyramids.
Each level in the transfer of energy through an ecosystem is called a
_____________ level.
1st level – producers (green plants or ___________________)
2nd level – primary consumers (herbivores or _____________________)
3rd or higher – consumers (______________________ or ______________________)
_______________________ – returns nutrients to soil, water, or air for 1st level